Myology 2 Flashcards by Abbie McKnight

Name the marked muscle (m. biceps brachii) and its antagonist

m. triceps brachii

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List two types of articulationes cartilagineae

synchondrosis - bones fused by cartilage
symphysis - bones fused by fibrocartilage

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List two layers of the capsule

outer fibrous layer, stratum fibrosum
inner layer, stratum synoviale

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Name two membranes strengthening the atlanto-occipital joint

ventral and dorsal atlantooccipital joint

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Name the joint having the discus articularis

temporomandibular joint
/ art. temporomandibularis

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Name three branches of the biceps femoris

stifle branch
tibial branch
calcaneal branch

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Name the layer of connective tissue that ensheaths a muscle fiber and the layer of CT that ensheaths the entire muscle and a layer the ensheaths a fascicle of a muscle fiber

Endomysium ensheaths a muscle fiber
Perimysium ensheaths a fascicle of muscle fibers
Epimysium ensheaths entire muscle

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Name the passive part of the muscle and its less mobile attachment

Passive part - tendon
Less movable attachment - origin
Movable attachment - insertion

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Give a definition of deep ingual ring. Name the muscular structure forming the ring

Area caudal to last muscle fibers of m. obliquus internus abdominis, lateral to m.rectus abdominis
caudolateral border formed by lig. inguinale
Inguinal canal is area between deep and superficial inguinal ring

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Name three types of articulations

Art. fibrosae
Art. cartilagineae
Art. synoviales

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What are common feature of joints

Joint cavity, capsule, hyaline cartilage

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Name different types of articulations in articulations fibrosae? Give an example of each of these joints

Suture eg Sutura saggitalis
Gomphosis (alveolus dentalis)
Syndesmosis eg metacarpals in Horse

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Name the different types of sutures and give examples of each

Sutura serrata - sutura interfrontalis
Sutura squamosa - between parietal and temporal bones
Sutura foliata - sutura interparietalis
Sutura plana - sutura internasalis
Schindylesis - sutura vomeroethmoidalis

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Name two types of biaxial joints

Art. ellipsoidea and art. condylaris

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Which movement decreases joint angles and which increases it

Increase - extensio
Decrease - Flexio

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Which plane does flexion and extension movement occur in

saggital plane

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What is hyperextension

angle increases beyond 180°

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Describe rotatio. Give an example of a joint which moves like this

Shake head, axis-atlas

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Which movement moves limb away from the body and which towards

Away- abduct
Towards adduct

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Which movement points the dorsum upwards and which the palmar/plantar surface

Dorsum up = pronatio
Palmar/plantar up = supinatio

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Name the three saturae of the skull

Sagittalis, coronalis, lamboidea

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Which movement is not included in circumduction

Rotation

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What is the name of the ligament in temporomandibularis

Lig. caudale (ru+eq) and laterale

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Name 2 parts of art. intermandibularis

Sutura and synchondrosis

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What type of joint is atlantooccipitalis? Where are its two membranes and its ligament

Joint- art. ellipsoida Ligament- Lig.laterale membranes- Dorsal and ventral atlantooccipital membrane

What type of joint is atlantoaxialis, What are its 2 membranes and its ligaments

Joint - art. trochoidea Membranes - dorsal atlantoaxial membrane, membrane tectoria Ligg. - Lig. apicis dentis, lig. atlantoaxiale dorsale, ligg. alaria (can)

Name the three parts of symphesis intervertebralis

Discus intervertebralis Anulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus

Name the 4 long ligaments of the vertebral column

Lig. longitudinale ventrale et dorsale Lig. nuchae (absent in cat/pig) Lig. supraspinale

List 3 short ligaments of vertebral column

Ligg. flava Ligg. intertransversaria Ligg. interspinalia

What type of joint is art. humeri? name its two ligaments and the labrum

Shoulder joint, simple and spherois Labrum glenohumeralis (car) Lig. coracohumerale (ung)

What type of joint is art cubiti

Elbow joint, composite, ginglymus-hinge joint

Which joint involves the radius,ulna, carpals and metacarpals? What are the ligaments this joint

Art. manus- art. carpi Lig.collaterale carpi mediale et laterale

What is the name of lig. Sacrotuberale in Large animals? To which joint does this ligament belong to

Lig. sacrotubule latum To art. sacroiliaca

What type of joint is art. coxae

Hip joint, composite and spheroid

what bones does ligg patellae connect

from apex of patella to tuberositas tibiae

What is a musculus pennatus? name the types of musculus pennatus and give example of each

A muscle that has tendons along its volume Unipennate- m.extensor digitorum communis Bipennate m.rectus femoris Multipennate m.deltoideus Fusiform- m.biceps brachii

What kind of muscles is aponeurosis associated with

Flat muscles

Name the three types of accessory structures

Fascia, synovial tendon sheet, bursae synovial, sesamoid bones

functions of ossa sesamoidea

Protect tendons increase surface area for attachement Redirect pull of tendons

Where are ossa sesamoidea

Tendons - joint capsules

How many layers do vaginae synoviales tendinis have

Describe agonist and antagonist and give an example of each

Agonist - desired action eg m. triceps brachii Antagonist - brings limb back to initial position and does the opposite of the agonist - m. biceps brachii

Name the type of muscle that works alongside the agonist

Synergist

Name the structure which connects left and right m. recti abdominis

Linea alba

Name the structure which covers both surfaces of m. recti abdominis

vagina m. recti abdominis

Name the two layers of vagina recti abdominis and say what structures make them

Lamina externa - aponeuroses of m.obliquus externus abdominis and internus and transverses abdominis Lamina interna - aponeuroses of m. obliquus internus abdominis and transveses abdominis

What does m. recti abdominis lack at its pelvic end

Internal aponeurotic covering

Name the transversely placed sheets of of connective tissue across m. recti calcanei

Tendo calcaneus communis

Name the muscles above the hock which attach to tuber calcanei and the muscle below the hock

m. triceps surae m. becips femoris m.semitendinous m.flexor superficialis

Name the two facial sphincters

m.orbicularis oris (mouth) m. orbicularis oculi (eyes)

Name the muscles that raise the upper lip and one that pulls it down

RAISES m. caninus m. lavator nasolabialis LOWERS m. levator labii inferioris

Name the muscles that dilate the nostrils

m. caninus and m.levator nasolabialis

Name the muscles of mastication which are not visible laterally

m.pterygoideus medialis and lateralis m. digastricus

Which muscle goes from the paracondylar fossa to the body of the mandible

m. digastricus

What is the function of m. temporalis

Raises mandible to close mouth

Name the muscles of inspiration

m. serratus dorsalis cranialis m. rectus thoracis mm. intercostales externi mm. scaleni Diaphragma

Which large back muscle flexes the shoulder

m. latissimus dorsi

Name the muscles of expiration

m. serratus dorsalis caudalis m. transcersus thoracis mm. intercostalis interni

Name the muscle extending from atlas to spina scapulae

m. omotransversarius

Name the muscle which elevats and rotates the shoulder

m. trapezius

Name the mm. pectorales superficiales

Descendens, transversus, profundus

To which structure do the centrum tendineum vertex and foramen venae cavae belong? Name the three parts of this muscle

Diaphragma Costal, lumbar, sternal

Which muscles are connected by linea alba

rectus thoracis and rectus abdominis

Which set of muscles has four heads. Name the heads

m. triceps brachii. Caput longum, mediale, laterale, accessorium

Name the muslce with pars acromialis. Name the other part

m. deltoideus Pars scapularis

Name the muscles which adducts the hind limb

m. adductor and m. gracilis

Name two extensors and two flexors of the phalangeal joint

m.tibialis cranialis, m.extensor digitorum longus, m. peroneus longus, m. extensor digitorum lateralis

Name the parts of the nuchal ligament

Funiculus nuchae Lamina nuchae (absent in dogs)

Name two joints between the vertebrae and ribs

art. capitis costae, art. costotransversaria

Name 4 types of bursae synoviales

Bursa synovialis subcutanea Bursa synovialis submuscularis Bursa synovialis subfascialis Bursa synovialis subtendinea

What are the ligaments of art. femoropatellaris

Lig. patella Lig femoropatellare laterale et mediale

Name the ligaments of the femorotibial joint

Ligg. cruciate genus Lig. collaterale laterale and mediale

Heads of m. triceps brachii

Caput longum Caput laterale Caput medial Caput accssorium