Neurology A Flashcards by Abbie McKnight

Name 3 Nuclei in tegmentum mesencephali

Red nucleus
Substantia nigra
Nuclei of CN III,IV,V,VIII

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Name the nuclei of the Pons

Chief nucleus of trigeminal nerve - sensory
Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Aducens nucleus
Facial nerve nucleus
Vestibucochlear nuclei

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Name 3 lobes of the cerebellum

Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe

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Name the nucleus in the corpus medullare (arbour vitae). What is the function of that nucleus?

Nucleus Fastigi
Balance and voluntary movement

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Where is bulbus present in corpus striatum

Caudate nucleus
Claustrum
Amygdaloid body
Putamen

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Name the structures found in Rhinecephalon

Bulbus olfactorius
Tractus olfactorius
Olfactory peduncles
Trigonum olfactorium
Piniform lobe
Hippocampus
Corpus amygdaloideum

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Where do collicus rostralis (rostral colliculi) and colliculus caudalis (caudal colliculi) connect to?

Rostral colliculi - corpus geniculatum lateralis
Caudal colliculi - corpus geniculatum medialis

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Name the visual and hearing reflex centres. Where are they located?

Colliculus rostralis (visual)
Colliculus caudalis (hearing)
Located at lectum mesencephali

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Name the structure of the spinal cord where the motor nuclei are situated

Cornu ventrale (Ventral horn)
Ventral column

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Name the ventral part of the midbrain

pedunculi ceribri

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What are the connections between pons and cerebellum

Middle cerebellar peduncle
Branhium pontis

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Name the part of the spinal cord where:
A) parasypatic nuclei
B) sypathetic nuclei
are located

A) sacral spinal cord
B) Thoracolumbar spinal cord

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Where can you find the epidural cavum

Between dura mater spinalis and periosteum of canalis vertebralis.

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Name 3 structures formed by substentia alba in the medulla spinalis

Funiculus spinalis
Funiculus lateralis
Funiculus ventralis

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What is the function of the VI cranial nerve Through what foramen does it pass?

Innervates lateral rectus bulbi muscles and refractor bulbi muscle
Fissura orbitalis

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What is the function of the VII Cranial nerve? Name the glands innervated by this

Motor fibres to facial muscles
Lacrimal gland, sublingual, mandibular salivary glands

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What is the function of the IX cranial nerve? What foramen does it pass through

Gag reflex, taste mucosa of the tongue
Foramen lacerum/ jugularis

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What is the function of the X cranial nerve?
What foramen does it pass?

Parasympathetic innervates the viscera of thoracic and abdominal, cardiac plexus

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Where is the hippocampus located

Belongs to limbic system - memory
Located under cerebral cortex and in medial temporal lobe in primates

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What nucleus is found in corpus striatum?

Caudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus

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Name all major structures of Diencephalon

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland

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Name all parasympathetic nerves found in medulla oblongata

N glossaphargeus
N vagus

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What structures surrounds the subarachniod cavity?

Pia mater spinalis
Arachnoidea spinalis

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What is the thickest nerve in the body? Where does it originate?

N. ischiadicus
Originates from lumbosacral plexus

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What nerve innervates and controls internal organs? Is it associated with the laryngeal?

Cranial nerve X- n. vagus Yes

What is the ;argest nerve in the forelimb? What muscles does it innervate?

n. radialis m. triceps brachii Extensor muscles of elbow and carpal joint

How many nerve pairs of cervical nerves are there in the dog?

8 pairs 16 nerves

What nerves make up the brachial plaexus?

Ventral branches of C6, C7, C8, T1, T2 n. suprascapular n. subscapular n. musculocutaneous n.axillary n. radial n. median n. ulnar

Name the main parts of the encephalon

Telencephalon Diencephalon Mesencephalon Meencephalon Myelencephalon

Cranial and spinal nerves are part of which system?

The central nervous system

What does the PNS consist of?

Nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord

What makes up the CNS

The CNS is part of the nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord

Give 3 functions of the nerve system

Sensory Motor Communicative Intergrative

What is the connection between adjacent neurons called

A synapse

What are the meninges of the spine?

Dura mater spinalis Arachnoidea mater spinalis Pia mater spinalis

What are the meninges of the encephalon?

Dura mater encephali Arachnoidea mater encephali Pia mater encephali

Where is the falx cerebri located.

In proximity to the ceribriform plate and to the frontal and ethmoid sinuses

How is the arachnoid es encephali connected with pia mater?

Connected by arachnoid trabeculae

What fluid fills the cavum subarachnoidale

Liquor cerebrospinalis

What lig. is formed by pia mater

Lig. denticulatum

In what cavum is the encephalon located

Cavum craniale

What is the function of the 1st cranial nerve? Through which foramen does it pass?

Sense of smell Foramen ethmoidale

Name all 4 parts of the telencephalon

Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe

Name all 4 parts of the telencephalon

Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Temporal lobe Occipital lobe

Name the structure within the fissura longitudinalis cerebri

Falx cerebri

What foramen connects ventriculus laterale with tertius

Interventricular foramen Foramina interventricularis

Name all ventricles in the brain. What fluid runs in them?

2 lateral ventricles- ventriculus lateral 3rd ventricle- ventriculus tertius 4th ventricle- ventriculus quartus Cerebrospinal fluid

What structure of blood vessels feeds the brain?

Circle of Willis

Where are the ventriculus tertius, chiasma opticum, hypophysis located?

Diencephalon

What is the function of the 2nd cranial nerve? What foramen does it pass through?

Transmits visual information from the eye to the brain Canalis opticus

Name major structures of metencephalon

Pons Cerebellum

What cranial nerves are found in fossa rhomboidea?

N. glossaphargeus

Where is the olvary nuclei located?

Medulla oblongata

What is the function of the limbic system

Responsible for emotional behavior such as fear, aggression, apparent pleasure Has great input on thirst, hunger, sexual behavior

What is the function of cerebellum

Control balance and co-ordination of skeletal muscles

Which part of rhinencephalon is in the bottom of lateral ventricle

Hippocampus

What makes up cerebellum

Vermis Cerebellar hemispheres

What does the pia mater form along the spinal cord? Name the ganglion it connects to

Lig denticulatum Spinal ganglion

Name the sympathetic ganglion lying close to the head

Ganglion cervicale craniale

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system

Flight of fight Maintains homeostasis

What is the function of the parasympahtetic nervous system?

Rest and digest Feed and breed Regulates unconsious activity

Name the parts of the metencephalon (midbrain)

Pons Cerebellum Vermis

Name the two/four nerves that come trough the orbital fissure

N III- oculomotor nerve N IV- trochlear nerve N VI- abducent nerve N V- n opthalmicus- first branch of n trigeminalis

What does pia mater create

lig denticulatum

Name the ganglion situated close the the dorsal root

Spinal ganglion

at nerve does the chorda tympani originate from? What muscles does it innervate?

N VII- facial nerve Mimic muscles eg. m. levator nasolabialis

What is the function of III cranial nerve? Which foramen does it pass through

Superior levator muscles of eyelid Fissura orbitalis

What is a plexus?

A plexus is a network of nerves or vessels in the body eg. brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus

What membrane form diaphragma sellae?

Dura mater encephali

What does the brain stem include?

Medulla oblongata Pons Mesencephalon

What is the function of the IV cranial nerve? Which foramen does it pass through

Innervates dorsal oblique muscle Fissura orbitalis

2 branches of the plexus ischiadicus?

n. tibialis n. fibulairis communis

Name the type of nerve fibres which form the spinal nerves

Afferent (to dorsal root) Efferent (from ventral root) Autonomous (to ventral root)

What is the name of the ganglion going to the heart? What is its affect on the heart?

Stellate (cervicothoracic ganlion) Increase heart rate

What structures surround the 3rd ventricle

Diencephalon Thalmus

What is the corpus callosum?

White matter structure The corpus callosum enables the two hemispheres to function coherently as single cognitive centre

What is the function of the VIII cranial nerve? What foramen does it pass through

Balance, hearing Foramen ovale

What is the ventral branch of thoracic nerve also known as

Nn. intercostales

Name the nerve that runs in the mandibular canal? What muscle does it innervate to do with facial expression

N alveolaris inferiorus M depressir nasi labii

What makes up the cerebellum

Left and right hemisphere Vermis Arbor vitae

Where can you find a nucleus

Deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem

What sinuses are located between the two layers of dura mater enceohali

Dural venous sinuses

Name all parts of medulla spinalis

Pars cervicalis Pars thorcacica Pars lumbalis Pars sacralis Pars caudalis

Name two enlargements in the spinal cord

Intumescentia cervialis Intumescentia lumbalis

Name three cornu formed by substentia grisea

Cornu dorsale Cornu ventrale Cornu laterale (also has canalis centralis and comissura grisea)

What truncus is formed by n. vagus with truncus sypathicus?

Truncus vagosympaticus

Name the brain strucures for emotional behavior

The limbic system - hypothalamus - hippocampus - amygdalla

What is the function of the corpus striatum?

Voluntary movement

What is the function of the medulla oblongata

Co-ordinate respiration and circulation

What is corpus striatum? Which part of the brain does it belong to?

Accumulation of grey matter embedded within the white matter Found in telencephalon

What is the function of the corpus straitum?

Produces appropriae direction and magnitude of movement

Name the dorsal and core part of the mid brain

Dorsal- tectum mesencephali Core - tegmentum mesencephali

Name the main structure of the epithalamus and describe its function

Pineal gland -secretes melatonin -regulates sleep cycle -sleep-wakefullness cycle Habnulr nucleus - olfactory pathway

Name the part of the hemisphere marked by gyri and sulci cerebri

Neopallium (In grey matter)

What type of cells are ependymal cells?

Subgroup of glial cells

Name the 3 pallium of cerebrum

Paleopallium Archipallium Neopallium

What is the function of pons and mesencepalon (midbrain)

Pons -controls motor function of body Mesencephalon - responsible for cooodrination pf voluntary movement

Name the two structures at the bottom of the lateral ventricle and the structures it separates

Hippocampus Caudate nuclues Sepatares cuadal commissure

What is the function of the XII cranial nerve? What canal does it pass through?

Lingual muscle- muscle of the tongue Canalis nervi hypoglossi

Name 4 enlargements of cavum subarachoidale

Cisterna Cerebromedullaris Cisterna Chiasmatis Cisterna Interpeduncularis Cisterna Valleculae lateralis cerebri

What lig. connects to dura mater spinalis

Dorsal longitudinal ligament

Name 2 fasciculus formed by funiculus dormalis

Fasciculus gracialis Fasciculus cuneatus

Name 3 sulcus and the name if the fissura created by substantia alba in medulla spinalis

Sulcus medianus Sulcus lateralis dorsalis Sulcus lateralis ventralis Fissura mediana

List major structures of mesencephalon

Tectum Tegmentum Cerebral aqueduct Cerebral peduncles

Name two folds of dura mater encephali. Name the fissures which named folds occupy.

Tentorium cerebelli membranaceum Falx cerebri Fissura longitudinal cerebri Fissura transversus cerebri

Name one of the main parts of the brain (encephalon) in which the corpus striatum lies. Name precisely the structures of the corpus striatum which lies the rostral part of the floor of the lateral ventrical

Give the name and number of the nerve innervatin organs of abdominal cavity

Name the nerve and blood vessel the passes through it?

N infraorbitalis A Infraorbitalis

Name the biggest nerve of the forelimb and what does it innervate

N radialis Innervates extensor eg. m triceps brachii

Which nerve branches into lingual nerve, and which muscles does it innervate?

N linguofacialis - N lingualis innervate tongue - N facialis innervates mimic muscles

What nerve supplies motor innervations to the tongue and where does its nuclei lie in the brain?

N hypoglossue (XII) Medulla oblongata of mylencephalon

Name the 2 subdivisions of the n. ischiadicus

N tibialis N peroneus communis

Name in Latin the 2 enlargements of the spinal cord

Intumescentia cervialis Intumescentia Lumbalis

Name the parts (segments) of the spinal cord where a) parasympathetic fibres b) sympathetic fibres are located

a) Brainstem + sacral part of spinal cord b) Lateral column of the spinal cord between Th1-L3

Name the nerves that innervate: a)m.Biceps brachii b)m.Quadraceps femoris

a)n. musculocutaneous b)n.Femoralis

Name the thickest nerve in the body and the plexus from which it starts

n. ischiadicus Plexus lumbosacralis

Give the names and numbers of nerves leaving the cranial cavity through the fissura orbitalis

3. n. oculomortius 4. n. trochlearis 5. n.trigeminus 6. n. abducens

Give 2 examples (names and numbers) of the sensory cranial nerves

1. n. olfactorius 2. n. opticus 8. n.vestibulocochlearis

Name one of the main (5) parts of the brain (Encephalon) in which the third ventricle surrounds

Diencephalon

Name precisely the strucure that the 3rd ventricle surrounds

Adhesio interthalmica

Structures that are related with the Telencephalon

Corpus amygdaloideum, Corpus striatum , Lobus pririformis, Tuber cinereum