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Animal Anatomy > Neurology A > Flashcards

Neurology A Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 Nuclei in tegmentum mesencephali

A

Red nucleus
Substantia nigra
Nuclei of CN III,IV,V,VIII

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2
Q

Name the nuclei of the Pons

A

Chief nucleus of trigeminal nerve - sensory
Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve
Aducens nucleus
Facial nerve nucleus
Vestibucochlear nuclei

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3
Q

Name 3 lobes of the cerebellum

A

Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
Flocculonodular lobe

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4
Q

Name the nucleus in the corpus medullare (arbour vitae). What is the function of that nucleus?

A

Nucleus Fastigi
Balance and voluntary movement

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5
Q

Where is bulbus present in corpus striatum

A

Caudate nucleus
Claustrum
Amygdaloid body
Putamen

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6
Q

Name the structures found in Rhinecephalon

A

Bulbus olfactorius
Tractus olfactorius
Olfactory peduncles
Trigonum olfactorium
Piniform lobe
Hippocampus
Corpus amygdaloideum

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7
Q

Where do collicus rostralis (rostral colliculi) and colliculus caudalis (caudal colliculi) connect to?

A

Rostral colliculi - corpus geniculatum lateralis
Caudal colliculi - corpus geniculatum medialis

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8
Q

Name the visual and hearing reflex centres. Where are they located?

A

Colliculus rostralis (visual)
Colliculus caudalis (hearing)
Located at lectum mesencephali

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9
Q

Name the structure of the spinal cord where the motor nuclei are situated

A

Cornu ventrale (Ventral horn)
Ventral column

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10
Q

Name the ventral part of the midbrain

A

pedunculi ceribri

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11
Q

What are the connections between pons and cerebellum

A

Middle cerebellar peduncle
Branhium pontis

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12
Q

Name the part of the spinal cord where:
A) parasypatic nuclei
B) sypathetic nuclei
are located

A

A) sacral spinal cord
B) Thoracolumbar spinal cord

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13
Q

Where can you find the epidural cavum

A

Between dura mater spinalis and periosteum of canalis vertebralis.

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14
Q

Name 3 structures formed by substentia alba in the medulla spinalis

A

Funiculus spinalis
Funiculus lateralis
Funiculus ventralis

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15
Q

What is the function of the VI cranial nerve Through what foramen does it pass?

A

Innervates lateral rectus bulbi muscles and refractor bulbi muscle
Fissura orbitalis

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16
Q

What is the function of the VII Cranial nerve? Name the glands innervated by this

A

Motor fibres to facial muscles
Lacrimal gland, sublingual, mandibular salivary glands

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17
Q

What is the function of the IX cranial nerve? What foramen does it pass through

A

Gag reflex, taste mucosa of the tongue
Foramen lacerum/ jugularis

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18
Q

What is the function of the X cranial nerve?
What foramen does it pass?

A

Parasympathetic innervates the viscera of thoracic and abdominal, cardiac plexus

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19
Q

Where is the hippocampus located

A

Belongs to limbic system - memory
Located under cerebral cortex and in medial temporal lobe in primates

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20
Q

What nucleus is found in corpus striatum?

A

Caudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus

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21
Q

Name all major structures of Diencephalon

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Pineal gland

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22
Q

Name all parasympathetic nerves found in medulla oblongata

A

N glossaphargeus
N vagus

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23
Q

What structures surrounds the subarachniod cavity?

A

Pia mater spinalis
Arachnoidea spinalis

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24
Q

What is the thickest nerve in the body? Where does it originate?

A

N. ischiadicus
Originates from lumbosacral plexus

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25
Q

What nerve innervates and controls internal organs? Is it associated with the laryngeal?

A

Cranial nerve X- n. vagus
Yes

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26
Q

What is the ;argest nerve in the forelimb? What muscles does it innervate?

A

n. radialis
m. triceps brachii
Extensor muscles of elbow and carpal joint

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27
Q

How many nerve pairs of cervical nerves are there in the dog?

A

8 pairs
16 nerves

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28
Q

What nerves make up the brachial plaexus?

A

Ventral branches of C6, C7, C8, T1, T2
n. suprascapular
n. subscapular
n. musculocutaneous
n.axillary
n. radial
n. median
n. ulnar

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29
Q

Name the main parts of the encephalon

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Meencephalon
Myelencephalon

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30
Q

Cranial and spinal nerves are part of which system?

A

The central nervous system

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31
Q

What does the PNS consist of?

A

Nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord

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32
Q

What makes up the CNS

A

The CNS is part of the nervous system containing the brain and spinal cord

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33
Q

Give 3 functions of the nerve system

A

Sensory
Motor
Communicative
Intergrative

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34
Q

What is the connection between adjacent neurons called

A

A synapse

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35
Q

What are the meninges of the spine?

A

Dura mater spinalis
Arachnoidea mater spinalis
Pia mater spinalis

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36
Q

What are the meninges of the encephalon?

A

Dura mater encephali
Arachnoidea mater encephali
Pia mater encephali

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37
Q

Where is the falx cerebri located.

A

In proximity to the ceribriform plate and to the frontal and ethmoid sinuses

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38
Q

How is the arachnoid es encephali connected with pia mater?

A

Connected by arachnoid trabeculae

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39
Q

What fluid fills the cavum subarachnoidale

A

Liquor cerebrospinalis

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40
Q

What lig. is formed by pia mater

A

Lig. denticulatum

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41
Q

In what cavum is the encephalon located

A

Cavum craniale

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42
Q

What is the function of the 1st cranial nerve?
Through which foramen does it pass?

A

Sense of smell
Foramen ethmoidale

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43
Q

Name all 4 parts of the telencephalon

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

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44
Q

Name all 4 parts of the telencephalon

A

Frontal lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Occipital lobe

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45
Q

Name the structure within the fissura longitudinalis cerebri

A

Falx cerebri

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46
Q

What foramen connects ventriculus laterale with tertius

A

Interventricular foramen
Foramina interventricularis

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47
Q

Name all ventricles in the brain. What fluid runs in them?

A

2 lateral ventricles- ventriculus lateral
3rd ventricle- ventriculus tertius
4th ventricle- ventriculus quartus
Cerebrospinal fluid

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48
Q

What structure of blood vessels feeds the brain?

A

Circle of Willis

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49
Q

Where are the ventriculus tertius, chiasma opticum, hypophysis located?

A

Diencephalon

50
Q

What is the function of the 2nd cranial nerve? What foramen does it pass through?

A

Transmits visual information from the eye to the brain
Canalis opticus

51
Q

Name major structures of metencephalon

A

Pons
Cerebellum

52
Q

What cranial nerves are found in fossa rhomboidea?

A

N. glossaphargeus

53
Q

Where is the olvary nuclei located?

A

Medulla oblongata

54
Q

What is the function of the limbic system

A

Responsible for emotional behavior such as fear, aggression, apparent pleasure
Has great input on thirst, hunger, sexual behavior

55
Q

What is the function of cerebellum

A

Control balance and co-ordination of skeletal muscles

56
Q

Which part of rhinencephalon is in the bottom of lateral ventricle

A

Hippocampus

57
Q

What makes up cerebellum

A

Vermis
Cerebellar hemispheres

58
Q

What does the pia mater form along the spinal cord? Name the ganglion it connects to

A

Lig denticulatum
Spinal ganglion

59
Q

Name the sympathetic ganglion lying close to the head

A

Ganglion cervicale craniale

60
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Flight of fight
Maintains homeostasis

61
Q

What is the function of the parasympahtetic nervous system?

A

Rest and digest
Feed and breed
Regulates unconsious activity

62
Q

Name the parts of the metencephalon (midbrain)

A

Pons
Cerebellum
Vermis

63
Q

Name the two/four nerves that come trough the orbital fissure

A

N III- oculomotor nerve
N IV- trochlear nerve
N VI- abducent nerve
N V- n opthalmicus- first branch of n trigeminalis

64
Q

What does pia mater create

A

lig denticulatum

65
Q

Name the ganglion situated close the the dorsal root

A

Spinal ganglion

66
Q

at nerve does the chorda tympani originate from? What muscles does it innervate?

A

N VII- facial nerve
Mimic muscles eg. m. levator nasolabialis

67
Q

What is the function of III cranial nerve?
Which foramen does it pass through

A

Superior levator muscles of eyelid
Fissura orbitalis

68
Q

What is a plexus?

A

A plexus is a network of nerves or vessels in the body
eg. brachial plexus, lumbosacral plexus

69
Q

What membrane form diaphragma sellae?

A

Dura mater encephali

70
Q

What does the brain stem include?

A

Medulla oblongata
Pons
Mesencephalon

71
Q

What is the function of the IV cranial nerve?
Which foramen does it pass through

A

Innervates dorsal oblique muscle
Fissura orbitalis

72
Q

2 branches of the plexus ischiadicus?

A

n. tibialis
n. fibulairis communis

73
Q

Name the type of nerve fibres which form the spinal nerves

A

Afferent (to dorsal root)
Efferent (from ventral root)
Autonomous (to ventral root)

74
Q

What is the name of the ganglion going to the heart? What is its affect on the heart?

A

Stellate (cervicothoracic ganlion)
Increase heart rate

75
Q

What structures surround the 3rd ventricle

A

Diencephalon
Thalmus

76
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

White matter structure
The corpus callosum enables the two hemispheres to function coherently as single cognitive centre

77
Q

What is the function of the VIII cranial nerve? What foramen does it pass through

A

Balance, hearing
Foramen ovale

78
Q

What is the ventral branch of thoracic nerve also known as

A

Nn. intercostales

79
Q

Name the nerve that runs in the mandibular canal? What muscle does it innervate to do with facial expression

A

N alveolaris inferiorus
M depressir nasi labii

80
Q

What makes up the cerebellum

A

Left and right hemisphere
Vermis
Arbor vitae

81
Q

Where can you find a nucleus

A

Deep within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem

82
Q

What sinuses are located between the two layers of dura mater enceohali

A

Dural venous sinuses

83
Q

Name all parts of medulla spinalis

A

Pars cervicalis
Pars thorcacica
Pars lumbalis
Pars sacralis
Pars caudalis

84
Q

Name two enlargements in the spinal cord

A

Intumescentia cervialis
Intumescentia lumbalis

85
Q

Name three cornu formed by substentia grisea

A

Cornu dorsale
Cornu ventrale
Cornu laterale
(also has canalis centralis and comissura grisea)

86
Q

What truncus is formed by n. vagus with truncus sypathicus?

A

Truncus vagosympaticus

87
Q

Name the brain strucures for emotional behavior

A

The limbic system
- hypothalamus
- hippocampus
- amygdalla

88
Q

What is the function of the corpus striatum?

A

Voluntary movement

89
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata

A

Co-ordinate respiration and circulation

90
Q

What is corpus striatum? Which part of the brain does it belong to?

A

Accumulation of grey matter embedded within the white matter
Found in telencephalon

91
Q

What is the function of the corpus straitum?

A

Produces appropriae direction and magnitude of movement

92
Q

Name the dorsal and core part of the mid brain

A

Dorsal- tectum mesencephali
Core - tegmentum mesencephali

93
Q

Name the main structure of the epithalamus and describe its function

A

Pineal gland
-secretes melatonin
-regulates sleep cycle
-sleep-wakefullness cycle
Habnulr nucleus
- olfactory pathway

94
Q

Name the part of the hemisphere marked by gyri and sulci cerebri

A

Neopallium (In grey matter)

95
Q

What type of cells are ependymal cells?

A

Subgroup of glial cells

96
Q

Name the 3 pallium of cerebrum

A

Paleopallium
Archipallium
Neopallium

97
Q

What is the function of pons and mesencepalon (midbrain)

A

Pons
-controls motor function of body
Mesencephalon
- responsible for cooodrination pf voluntary movement

98
Q

Name the two structures at the bottom of the lateral ventricle and the structures it separates

A

Hippocampus
Caudate nuclues
Sepatares cuadal commissure

99
Q

What is the function of the XII cranial nerve? What canal does it pass through?

A

Lingual muscle- muscle of the tongue
Canalis nervi hypoglossi

100
Q

Name 4 enlargements of cavum subarachoidale

A

Cisterna Cerebromedullaris
Cisterna Chiasmatis
Cisterna Interpeduncularis
Cisterna Valleculae lateralis cerebri

101
Q

What lig. connects to dura mater spinalis

A

Dorsal longitudinal ligament

102
Q

Name 2 fasciculus formed by funiculus dormalis

A

Fasciculus gracialis
Fasciculus cuneatus

103
Q

Name 3 sulcus and the name if the fissura created by substantia alba in medulla spinalis

A

Sulcus medianus
Sulcus lateralis dorsalis
Sulcus lateralis ventralis
Fissura mediana

104
Q

List major structures of mesencephalon

A

Tectum
Tegmentum
Cerebral aqueduct
Cerebral peduncles

105
Q

Name two folds of dura mater encephali. Name the fissures which named folds occupy.

A

Tentorium cerebelli membranaceum
Falx cerebri
Fissura longitudinal cerebri
Fissura transversus cerebri

106
Q

Name one of the main parts of the brain (encephalon) in which the corpus striatum lies. Name precisely the structures of the corpus striatum which lies the rostral part of the floor of the lateral ventrical

A

/

107
Q

Give the name and number of the nerve innervatin organs of abdominal cavity

A

/

108
Q

Name the nerve and blood vessel the passes through it?

A

N infraorbitalis
A Infraorbitalis

109
Q

Name the biggest nerve of the forelimb and what does it innervate

A

N radialis
Innervates extensor eg. m triceps brachii

110
Q

Which nerve branches into lingual nerve, and which muscles does it innervate?

A

N linguofacialis
- N lingualis innervate tongue
- N facialis innervates mimic muscles

111
Q

What nerve supplies motor innervations to the tongue and where does its nuclei lie in the brain?

A

N hypoglossue (XII)
Medulla oblongata of mylencephalon

112
Q

Name the 2 subdivisions of the n. ischiadicus

A

N tibialis
N peroneus communis

113
Q

Name in Latin the 2 enlargements of the spinal cord

A

Intumescentia cervialis
Intumescentia Lumbalis

114
Q

Name the parts (segments) of the spinal cord where
a) parasympathetic fibres
b) sympathetic fibres
are located

A

a) Brainstem + sacral part of spinal cord
b) Lateral column of the spinal cord between Th1-L3

115
Q

Name the nerves that innervate:
a)m.Biceps brachii
b)m.Quadraceps femoris

A

a)n. musculocutaneous
b)n.Femoralis

116
Q

Name the thickest nerve in the body and the plexus from which it starts

A

n. ischiadicus
Plexus lumbosacralis

117
Q

Give the names and numbers of nerves leaving the cranial cavity through the fissura orbitalis

A
  1. n. oculomortius
  2. n. trochlearis
  3. n.trigeminus
  4. n. abducens
118
Q

Give 2 examples (names and numbers) of the sensory cranial nerves

A
  1. n. olfactorius
  2. n. opticus
  3. n.vestibulocochlearis
119
Q

Name one of the main (5) parts of the brain (Encephalon) in which the third ventricle surrounds

A

Diencephalon

120
Q

Name precisely the strucure that the 3rd ventricle surrounds

A

Adhesio interthalmica

121
Q

Structures that are related with the Telencephalon

A

Corpus amygdaloideum, Corpus striatum , Lobus pririformis, Tuber cinereum

Animal Anatomy (19 decks)

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