Cardiology Flashcards
1
Q
Name 3 lymph nodes of lymphocentrum mediastinale (thorax)
A
Lnn. Mediastinales Craniales
Lnn. Mediastinales Caudales
Lnn. Mediastinales Medii
2
Q
Name the layers of the pericardium
A
Pleura pericardiaca
Pericardium Fibrosum
Pericardium Seroseum (Lamina parietalis/visceralis) [Lamina parietalis pericardii serosi & Lamina visceralis pericardii serosi]
3
Q
Name the cavity between Lamina parietalis and visceralis
A
Cavum pericardii
4
Q
Name the 2 arteries leaving the acrus aortae, directly in the dog
A
Truncus brachiocephalicus
Left subclavian artery (A. Subclavia sinistra)
5
Q
Name the artery useful for pulse examination in large animals
A
A. Fascialis
6
Q
Name the superficial vein of the neck useful for blood collecting
A
V. Jugularis externa
7
Q
Name 2 unpaired branches of aorta abdominalis
A
Celiac artery
Cranial mesenteric artery
8
Q
Name the most cranial part of the diaphragm
A
Cupula diaphragmatis
9
Q
Name the serous membrane that surrounds the thoracic cavity
A
Pleura
10
Q
Name the layer of tissue that encloses the heart? Name the next layer that covers it
A
Pericardium
Pleura pericardiaca
11
Q
Describe the location of the heart precisely
A
Middle mediastinum
Lower part of the thoracic cavity
3/5 of its mass is left of medial plane (60%)
5/7 in ruminants
12
Q
Name the vessel receiving blood from the femoral artery, and name the vessels receiving blood from the femoral vein
A
Artery > A. Poplitea
Vein > V. Iliaca externa
13
Q
What vein drain the intestines ?
A
Messenteric Vein
14
Q
Name 2 branches of a subclavia
A
A. Suprascapularis
A. Thoracica externa
15
Q
Name the large lymphatic vessel passing through the hiatus aorticus and entering the V. Cava Cranialis or to the V. Jugularis externa
A
Ductus Thoracicus
16
Q
Name 2 main lymph collecting ducts and underline which one goes directly through hiatus aorticus
A
Ductus Thoracicus (underlined)
Ductus lymphaticus dexter
17
Q
Name 2 superficial veins in the pelvic limb and underline the bigger one in the horse
A
V. Saphena (underlined)
V. Femoralis
18
Q
Name the surfaces of the spleen and what structures do they border?
A
Fascia gastrica > stomach
Fascia parietalis > diaphragm
Fascia visceralis > intestines
19
Q
Name the 2 extremities of the spleen
A
Dorsal extremity
Ventral extremity
20
Q
Name the vein accompanying the aorta Thoracica in the dog
A
V. Azygos dextra
21
Q
Where does the vein from the organs flow into?
A
Vena cava caudale
22
Q
How is the aortic arch attached to the pulmonary trunk?
A
Lig. Arteriosum (reminants of the ductus arteriosus)
23
Q
Where would you take a horses pulse?
A
A. Fascialis
A. Metatarsa dorsalis
24
Q
Name 2 branches of the carotis externa
A
A. Maxillares
Truncus linguofacialis
25
Name at least 2 lymph nodes from territory of abdominal cavity
Lnn. Renales
Lnn. Gastrici
Lnn. Lienales
26
What sends impulses to contract the right side of the heart?
Sinoatrial node
27
Name in Latin the groove running between atria and ventricles
Sulcus coronarius
28
Name the 3 layers of the vein laterally
Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima
29
Name 2 lymph centres draining organs of thoracic cavity
Lnn. Thoracicum dorsale
Lnn. Thoracicum ventrale
30
Give 2 examples of lymph nodes from lymphocentrum branchale
Lnn. Pulmonales
Lnn. Tracheobronchales medii
Lnn. Tracheobronchales craniales`
31
Name 3 parts of the facies visceralis lienis
Facies Renalis
Facies gastrica
Facies intestinalis
32
What connects musculi papillares to the walls of the heart?
Chordae tendinae
33
Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventricularis sinistra
Anulus fibrosus atrioventricularis sinistra
34
What bypasses capillary beds?
Arteriovenous Anastomosis
35
Name the valves between the right atrium and ventricle and their cusps
Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
+ Cuspis parietalis
+ Cuspis septalis
+ Cuspis angularis
36
What stops the back flow of blood in veins?
Valvulae venosae
37
Name the structure which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle
Septum Interventricularis
38
Name the 3 layers of the cardiac wall
Epicardium
Myocardium
Pericardium
39
Name the fibres in the wall of the heart for contraction
Purkinje fibres
40
What sends impulses to the purkinje fibres?
Atrioventricular node
41
Name the blood vessel formed by the fusion of the V. Iliaca interna and V. Iliaca externa
V. Iliaca communis
42
Name in Latin the structure connecting the pericardial sac, with the diaphragm in a dog
Lig. Phrenicopericardium
43
Name 3 types of capillaries
Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal
44
Name the opening between the left atrium and ventricles
Ostium atrioventricular sinistra
45
Name the structure separating the left and right ventricles
Ventricular septum
46
Name the structure forming a ligament with fibrous pericardium in dogs
Lig. Phrenicopericardium
47
Name the direct continuation of A. Poplitea
A. Tibialis cranialis
48
What artery is blood pumped through to go into the body
Aorta
49
Name the surface of the spleen opposite to facies parietalis
Facies visceralis (visceral surface)
50
What divides the Left and right septum?
Interventricular septum
51
Give 2 examples of lymph nodes from lymphocentrum bronchale
Lnn. Tracehobronchales dextrii
Lnn. Tracehobronchales sinistri
52
Name the opening between the left atrium and ventricle
Ostium atrioventriculare sinistra
53
Name the fibres in the wall of the heart for contraction
Purkinje fibres
54
What muscles open and close valves of the heart?
Musculi popillares
55
What makes up the aorta valve?
Right, left and septal semilunar cusps
56
Name 2 trunks forming cisterna chyli
Trunci lumbales
Trunci visceralis
57
What makes up the pulmonary valve?
Right, left and intermediate semilunar cusps
58
Name in Latin the vessel leaving the right ventricle
Truncus pulmonalis
59
What makes up the endocardium?
Smooth endothelium
Loose connective tissue
60
What makes up the myocardium?
Cardiac muscle
61
What makes up the epicardium?
Mesothelium
Loose connective tissue
62
Name the valve between the left atrium and ventricle and their cusps
Bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular valve)
Cuspis parietalis
Cuspis septalis
63
Which animal have V. Azygos sinistra?
Ox & Pig
64
What artery is blood pumped through to go to the lungs?
Pulmonary trunk
65
What ligament connects the spleen to the stomach?
Lig. Gastricolienale
66
Name 2 semi-lunar valves
Valva Aortae
Valva Trunci Pulmonaris
67
Name 2 arteries of the heart
Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery
68
Name in Latin 2 main lymph collecting ducts
Ductus Thoracicus
Ductus lymphaticus dextra
69
What is the main vein in the pelvic limb for injections?
Vena saphena lateralis
70
Name the extension of cavum pericardii that’s between the aorta and pulmonary trunk
Sinus transcersus pericardii
71
List the 3 cavity’s in the body
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
72
Name the muscles on the septum
Musculi papillaris parvi
73
Name the muscles on the outer wall of the heart
Musculi papillaris magnus
74
From what artery does A. Infraorbitalis arise from?
A. Maxillaris
75
Name the opening between the right atrium and ventricle
Osteum atrioventricular dextrum
76
Name the network of small blood vessels that supply the large blood vessels
Vasa vasorum
77
Name 2 bones in the heart
Ossa cordis (right and left cardiac bones)
78
Name the structures where semilunar valves are located
Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk
79
Name the sinus within the right atrium
Sinus coronarius
80
Name the arteries of the heart
Arteria coronaries sinistra and dextra
81
Name 2 branches of the A. Axillares
A. Subscapularis
A. Circumflexa humeri cranialis
82
Name the last branch of the A. Axillaris
A. Circumflexa humeri cranialis
83
What structure keeps the body at certain temperature?
Rete mirable
84
Name the branches of a coeliaca
Left gastric artery
Right gastric artery
Splenic artery
85
What is the continuation of the external carotid artery?
A. Maxillaris
86
List 2 animals having the Truncus bicaroticus
Cow & Horse
87
Name the direct continuation of the A. Poplitea. Is it muscular or elastic?
A. Tibialis cranialis
Muscular
88
Name 2 nodes of the conducting system of the heart
SA (Sino-Atrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes
89
What is the structure in the centre of the diaphragm?
Centrum tendineum
90
What widens at the base of the aorta?
Bulbulus aortae
91
What is the name given to 3 dilations of the aortic wall?
Sinus aortae
92
What arteries lie in the infraorbital canal?
A. Infraorbitalis
93
Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventriculare sinistra
Anulus fibrosum atrioventricularis sinister
94
Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventriculare dextrum
Anulus fibrosum atrioventricularis dexter
95
Name the muscles of the septum of the heart
Papillary muscles
Musculus papillaris subarteriosus
96
What is the name of the space in the diaphragm that the aorta runs through?
Hiatus aortica
97
Name the fibres that support ostium trunci pulmonaris
Anulus fibrosus trunci pulmonaris
98
What are the branches of the aortic arch in the dog?
Brachiocephalic trunk (truncus brachiocephalicus)
Left subclavian artery (A. Subclavia sinistera)
99
Name 2 veins forming the v. iliaca communis
V. Iliaca externa
V. Iliaca interna
100
Name 2 unpaired arteries discharging from the aorta abdominalis
A. Celiaca
A. Messenterica cranialis
101
Name the endothelial extension of the veins tunica interna, preventing blood from flowing backwards
Valvulae venosae
102
Where is the heart situated/positioned in; Horse, Cow, Pig, Dog, Cat
Horse: 2nd space -> 6th space
Cow: 2nd space -> 5th space
Pig: 3rd rib -> 6th space
Dog: 2nd rib -> 5th rib
Cat: 4th space -> 7th rib
103
Name the structure that replaces the Lig. Sternopericardiacum in carnivores
Lig. Phrenicopericardiacum
104
Name precisely the place where the heart is located
Left of the median plane (60%) (5/7 ruminants)
105
Name the superficial vein of the neck useful for blood collection
V. Jugularis externa
106
What is the termination of the abdominal aorta?
Left and right common iliac arteries = external and internal iliac arteries
107
Name the ligament which connects the pericardium to the sternum in horse, dog, ruminants
Horse: Lig. Sternopericardiacum
Dog: Lig. Phrenicopericardiacum
Ruminants: Ligg. Sternopericardiaca
108
Place in diaphragm that the vena cava runs through
Foramen vena cava
109
What is the main vein in the thoracic limb for injection?
Vena cephalica
110
Name the starting parts of the aorta
Aortic arch
Ascending aorta
Descending aorta
111
What’s the name of the space in the diaphragm that the oesophagus runs through?
Hiatus oesophagus
112
Name precisely the outer layer of the heart
Epicardium
113
Name the place where blood vessels enter the spleen
Hilus
114
Name the blood vessels of the spleen
Splenic artery and vein
115
Name 3 lymph node of lymphocentrum cervicale profundum
Lnn. Cervicales profundi craniales, medii, et caudales
116
Name 3 main parts of the diaphragm
pars lumbalis (crus dextrum/sinistrum)
pars costalis
pars sternalis
117
Name 3 essential parts of the aorta
aorta ascendens
aorta descendens
arcus aortae
118
Give 4 arteries in the abdominal cavity
A. Celiaca
A. Mesenterica cranialis
A. Renalis
A. Ovaria / testicularis
A. Mesenterica caudalis
119
Which artery runs to the kidneys?
Renal artery
120
Which artery runs to the liver?
Hepatic artery
121
Which artery runs in the mandibular notch?
A. Facialis
122
Which organ do the following run to;
- splenic artery
- hepatic artery
- left gastric artery
Splenic -> spleen
Hepatic -> liver
Gastric -> stomach
123
Name the structure limiting the cavum pericardii
Epicardium (Lamina visceralis)
Pericardicum (Lamina parietalis)
Serosum
124
What vein curves across the right aspect of the trachea and oesophagus?
Vena Azygos dextra
125
What is responsible for the overall control of blood distribution and pressure?
The vasometer centre in the medulla oblongata
126
From which heart chamber arises the truncus pulmonaris?
Right ventricle
127
Name 2 main lymph centres of the thoracic cavity
Lymphocentrum thoracicum dorsale
Lymphocentrum thoracicum ventrale
128
Name the cusps of Valva atrioventricularis dextra
Cuspis Angularis
Cuspis Septalis
Cuspis Parietalis
129
What other 2 vessels apart from the aorta pass through the hiatus aorticus?
V. Azygos
Thoracic duct
130
What myocardial ridges are found on the ventral part of the right ventricle, reducing blood turbulence?
Trabeculae carneae
131
Name in Latin the only branch of arcus aortae in a horse
Truncus brachiocephalicus
132
Name 3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta and underline the one that supplies blood to stomach
A. Celiaca (underlined)
A. Mesenterica caudalis
A. Mesenterica cranialis
133
Name in Latin the groove visible on the facies auricularis
Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis (left interventricular groove)
134
Name two vessels lying in incisura vasorum facialium
A. Fascialis
Parotid duct
135
Give 3 branches of the celiac artery
Splenic artery
Hepatic artery
Left gastric artery
136
From which vessels arises the A. Bronchoesophagea?
Aorta
137
Which artery runs to the pelvic limb?
External iliac artery
138
Name the surface of the heart located on the left side of the thorax
Auricular surface
139
Name 3 blood vessels enclosed in the mediastinum craniale
brachiocephali trunk
Left subclavian artery
140
What chamber of the heart is a) sinus coronaries b) trabeculae corneae located?
a) right atrium
b) left ventricle
141
Which artery runs to the pelvic cavity?
iliac artery
142
Name the groove observed on the left side of the heart
Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis
143
Give the main branch of the vena femoralis caudalis
Vena saphena lateralis
144
Name the muscular parts of the diaphragm surrounding centrum tendineum
Pars sternalis
Pars costalis
Pars lumbalis
145
Name 2 lymph nodes in the head
Lnn. Parotid
Lnn. Mandibularis
146
Name the main arteries in the forelimb
Subclavian -> axillary -> brachial -> median -> palmar communis digitalis -> palmar medial/lateral
147
Is truncus bicarotis present in the dog?
No
148
Name the continuation of the vena poplitea
Vena femoralis
149
Which artery runs to the ribs from the aorta?
Aa. Intercostales dorsales
150
What vein does the blood flow directly from the vena poplitea?
V. Femoris
151
Which artery runs to the ribs from the left subclavian artery?
Aa. Intercostales ventrales
152
Name the morphological structure accompanying aorta abdominalis
Caudal vena cava
153
What structure supplies blood to the head?
Circle of Willis
154
Name the vessel, carrying the blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver
A. Celia
155
Name the main vein in the skull
External jugular vein
156
Name 3 lobes of the thymus
Cervical lobe - lobus cervicalis sinister et dexter
Intermediate lobe - lobus intermedius
Thoracic lobe - lobus thoracicus
157
Name the faces of the heart, which is most outermost
Right face - facies atrialis
Left face - facies auricularis
158
Which structures are interconnected by chordae tendineae?
cusps
159
Name at least 2 lymph nodes from territory of abdominal cavity
Lnn. Renales
Lnn. Hepatici
160
Which organs are located in the caudal mediastinum?
Aorta
Oesophagus
Caudal vena cava
161
Give the branches of linguofacial trunk
A. Lingualis
A. Fascialis
162
Name 2 nodes of the conducting system of the heart
Nodus sinusatriolaris
Nodus atrioventricularis
163
Give 2 main branches of vena femoralis
Vena saphena magna et medialis
164
Give 3 arteries and veins that can be found in the popliteal region of the horse
A. + V. Poplitea
A. + V. Femoralis
A. + V. Saphena
165
Name in Latin one opening containing the Valva semilunaris
Ostium aortae
Ostium trunci pulmonaris
166
Name two branches of A. Brachalis
A. Bicipitalis
A. Profunda brachii
167
Where does the external jugular vein run to?
Vena cava cranialis
168
Name structures located in the lumbar part of the diaphragm
Aorta
V. Azygos
Ductus thoracicus
oesophagus
169
Name the segmented branches of aorta thoracica supplying the thoracic wall
Aa. Intercostales dorsales
170
What is sinus transversus pericardii?
Tunnel shaped extension of cavum pericardii between the united aorta and truncus pulmonalis, and the concave wall parts of adjacent atria
171
What vessel takes blood from the GI tract to the liber and which vessel supplies the liber with oxygenated blood?
Vena portae hepatis
A. Hepatica
172
Name the surface of the heart located on the right side of the thorax
Facies atrialis
173
Cavum pericardium lies between what?
Lamina parietalis and Lamina visceralis of pericardium serosum
