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Animal Anatomy > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 lymph nodes of lymphocentrum mediastinale (thorax)

A

Lnn. Mediastinales Craniales
Lnn. Mediastinales Caudales
Lnn. Mediastinales Medii

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2
Q

Name the layers of the pericardium

A

Pleura pericardiaca
Pericardium Fibrosum
Pericardium Seroseum (Lamina parietalis/visceralis) [Lamina parietalis pericardii serosi & Lamina visceralis pericardii serosi]

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3
Q

Name the cavity between Lamina parietalis and visceralis

A

Cavum pericardii

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4
Q

Name the 2 arteries leaving the acrus aortae, directly in the dog

A

Truncus brachiocephalicus
Left subclavian artery (A. Subclavia sinistra)

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5
Q

Name the artery useful for pulse examination in large animals

A

A. Fascialis

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6
Q

Name the superficial vein of the neck useful for blood collecting

A

V. Jugularis externa

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7
Q

Name 2 unpaired branches of aorta abdominalis

A

Celiac artery
Cranial mesenteric artery

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8
Q

Name the most cranial part of the diaphragm

A

Cupula diaphragmatis

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9
Q

Name the serous membrane that surrounds the thoracic cavity

A

Pleura

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10
Q

Name the layer of tissue that encloses the heart? Name the next layer that covers it

A

Pericardium
Pleura pericardiaca

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11
Q

Describe the location of the heart precisely

A

Middle mediastinum
Lower part of the thoracic cavity
3/5 of its mass is left of medial plane (60%)
5/7 in ruminants

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12
Q

Name the vessel receiving blood from the femoral artery, and name the vessels receiving blood from the femoral vein

A

Artery > A. Poplitea
Vein > V. Iliaca externa

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13
Q

What vein drain the intestines ?

A

Messenteric Vein

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14
Q

Name 2 branches of a subclavia

A

A. Suprascapularis
A. Thoracica externa

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15
Q

Name the large lymphatic vessel passing through the hiatus aorticus and entering the V. Cava Cranialis or to the V. Jugularis externa

A

Ductus Thoracicus

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16
Q

Name 2 main lymph collecting ducts and underline which one goes directly through hiatus aorticus

A

Ductus Thoracicus (underlined)
Ductus lymphaticus dexter

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17
Q

Name 2 superficial veins in the pelvic limb and underline the bigger one in the horse

A

V. Saphena (underlined)
V. Femoralis

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18
Q

Name the surfaces of the spleen and what structures do they border?

A

Fascia gastrica > stomach
Fascia parietalis > diaphragm
Fascia visceralis > intestines

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19
Q

Name the 2 extremities of the spleen

A

Dorsal extremity
Ventral extremity

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20
Q

Name the vein accompanying the aorta Thoracica in the dog

A

V. Azygos dextra

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21
Q

Where does the vein from the organs flow into?

A

Vena cava caudale

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22
Q

How is the aortic arch attached to the pulmonary trunk?

A

Lig. Arteriosum (reminants of the ductus arteriosus)

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23
Q

Where would you take a horses pulse?

A

A. Fascialis
A. Metatarsa dorsalis

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24
Q

Name 2 branches of the carotis externa

A

A. Maxillares
Truncus linguofacialis

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25
Q

Name at least 2 lymph nodes from territory of abdominal cavity

A

Lnn. Renales
Lnn. Gastrici
Lnn. Lienales

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26
Q

What sends impulses to contract the right side of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node

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27
Q

Name in Latin the groove running between atria and ventricles

A

Sulcus coronarius

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28
Q

Name the 3 layers of the vein laterally

A

Tunica adventitia
Tunica media
Tunica intima

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29
Q

Name 2 lymph centres draining organs of thoracic cavity

A

Lnn. Thoracicum dorsale
Lnn. Thoracicum ventrale

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30
Q

Give 2 examples of lymph nodes from lymphocentrum branchale

A

Lnn. Pulmonales
Lnn. Tracheobronchales medii
Lnn. Tracheobronchales craniales`

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31
Q

Name 3 parts of the facies visceralis lienis

A

Facies Renalis
Facies gastrica
Facies intestinalis

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32
Q

What connects musculi papillares to the walls of the heart?

A

Chordae tendinae

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33
Q

Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventricularis sinistra

A

Anulus fibrosus atrioventricularis sinistra

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34
Q

What bypasses capillary beds?

A

Arteriovenous Anastomosis

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35
Q

Name the valves between the right atrium and ventricle and their cusps

A

Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve)
+ Cuspis parietalis
+ Cuspis septalis
+ Cuspis angularis

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36
Q

What stops the back flow of blood in veins?

A

Valvulae venosae

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37
Q

Name the structure which separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle

A

Septum Interventricularis

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38
Q

Name the 3 layers of the cardiac wall

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Pericardium

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39
Q

Name the fibres in the wall of the heart for contraction

A

Purkinje fibres

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40
Q

What sends impulses to the purkinje fibres?

A

Atrioventricular node

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41
Q

Name the blood vessel formed by the fusion of the V. Iliaca interna and V. Iliaca externa

A

V. Iliaca communis

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42
Q

Name in Latin the structure connecting the pericardial sac, with the diaphragm in a dog

A

Lig. Phrenicopericardium

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43
Q

Name 3 types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

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44
Q

Name the opening between the left atrium and ventricles

A

Ostium atrioventricular sinistra

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45
Q

Name the structure separating the left and right ventricles

A

Ventricular septum

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46
Q

Name the structure forming a ligament with fibrous pericardium in dogs

A

Lig. Phrenicopericardium

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47
Q

Name the direct continuation of A. Poplitea

A

A. Tibialis cranialis

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48
Q

What artery is blood pumped through to go into the body

A

Aorta

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49
Q

Name the surface of the spleen opposite to facies parietalis

A

Facies visceralis (visceral surface)

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50
Q

What divides the Left and right septum?

A

Interventricular septum

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51
Q

Give 2 examples of lymph nodes from lymphocentrum bronchale

A

Lnn. Tracehobronchales dextrii
Lnn. Tracehobronchales sinistri

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52
Q

Name the opening between the left atrium and ventricle

A

Ostium atrioventriculare sinistra

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53
Q

Name the fibres in the wall of the heart for contraction

A

Purkinje fibres

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54
Q

What muscles open and close valves of the heart?

A

Musculi popillares

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55
Q

What makes up the aorta valve?

A

Right, left and septal semilunar cusps

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56
Q

Name 2 trunks forming cisterna chyli

A

Trunci lumbales
Trunci visceralis

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57
Q

What makes up the pulmonary valve?

A

Right, left and intermediate semilunar cusps

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58
Q

Name in Latin the vessel leaving the right ventricle

A

Truncus pulmonalis

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59
Q

What makes up the endocardium?

A

Smooth endothelium
Loose connective tissue

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60
Q

What makes up the myocardium?

A

Cardiac muscle

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61
Q

What makes up the epicardium?

A

Mesothelium
Loose connective tissue

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62
Q

Name the valve between the left atrium and ventricle and their cusps

A

Bicuspid valve (left atrioventricular valve)
Cuspis parietalis
Cuspis septalis

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63
Q

Which animal have V. Azygos sinistra?

A

Ox & Pig

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64
Q

What artery is blood pumped through to go to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary trunk

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65
Q

What ligament connects the spleen to the stomach?

A

Lig. Gastricolienale

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66
Q

Name 2 semi-lunar valves

A

Valva Aortae
Valva Trunci Pulmonaris

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67
Q

Name 2 arteries of the heart

A

Left coronary artery
Right coronary artery

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68
Q

Name in Latin 2 main lymph collecting ducts

A

Ductus Thoracicus
Ductus lymphaticus dextra

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69
Q

What is the main vein in the pelvic limb for injections?

A

Vena saphena lateralis

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70
Q

Name the extension of cavum pericardii that’s between the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Sinus transcersus pericardii

71
Q

List the 3 cavity’s in the body

A

Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

72
Q

Name the muscles on the septum

A

Musculi papillaris parvi

73
Q

Name the muscles on the outer wall of the heart

A

Musculi papillaris magnus

74
Q

From what artery does A. Infraorbitalis arise from?

A

A. Maxillaris

75
Q

Name the opening between the right atrium and ventricle

A

Osteum atrioventricular dextrum

76
Q

Name the network of small blood vessels that supply the large blood vessels

A

Vasa vasorum

77
Q

Name 2 bones in the heart

A

Ossa cordis (right and left cardiac bones)

78
Q

Name the structures where semilunar valves are located

A

Aorta and Pulmonary Trunk

79
Q

Name the sinus within the right atrium

A

Sinus coronarius

80
Q

Name the arteries of the heart

A

Arteria coronaries sinistra and dextra

81
Q

Name 2 branches of the A. Axillares

A

A. Subscapularis
A. Circumflexa humeri cranialis

82
Q

Name the last branch of the A. Axillaris

A

A. Circumflexa humeri cranialis

83
Q

What structure keeps the body at certain temperature?

A

Rete mirable

84
Q

Name the branches of a coeliaca

A

Left gastric artery
Right gastric artery
Splenic artery

85
Q

What is the continuation of the external carotid artery?

A

A. Maxillaris

86
Q

List 2 animals having the Truncus bicaroticus

A

Cow & Horse

87
Q

Name the direct continuation of the A. Poplitea. Is it muscular or elastic?

A

A. Tibialis cranialis
Muscular

88
Q

Name 2 nodes of the conducting system of the heart

A

SA (Sino-Atrial) and AV (atrioventricular) nodes

89
Q

What is the structure in the centre of the diaphragm?

A

Centrum tendineum

90
Q

What widens at the base of the aorta?

A

Bulbulus aortae

91
Q

What is the name given to 3 dilations of the aortic wall?

A

Sinus aortae

92
Q

What arteries lie in the infraorbital canal?

A

A. Infraorbitalis

93
Q

Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventriculare sinistra

A

Anulus fibrosum atrioventricularis sinister

94
Q

Name the fibres that support ostium atrioventriculare dextrum

A

Anulus fibrosum atrioventricularis dexter

95
Q

Name the muscles of the septum of the heart

A

Papillary muscles
Musculus papillaris subarteriosus

96
Q

What is the name of the space in the diaphragm that the aorta runs through?

A

Hiatus aortica

97
Q

Name the fibres that support ostium trunci pulmonaris

A

Anulus fibrosus trunci pulmonaris

98
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch in the dog?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk (truncus brachiocephalicus)
Left subclavian artery (A. Subclavia sinistera)

99
Q

Name 2 veins forming the v. iliaca communis

A

V. Iliaca externa
V. Iliaca interna

100
Q

Name 2 unpaired arteries discharging from the aorta abdominalis

A

A. Celiaca
A. Messenterica cranialis

101
Q

Name the endothelial extension of the veins tunica interna, preventing blood from flowing backwards

A

Valvulae venosae

102
Q

Where is the heart situated/positioned in; Horse, Cow, Pig, Dog, Cat

A

Horse: 2nd space -> 6th space
Cow: 2nd space -> 5th space
Pig: 3rd rib -> 6th space
Dog: 2nd rib -> 5th rib
Cat: 4th space -> 7th rib

103
Q

Name the structure that replaces the Lig. Sternopericardiacum in carnivores

A

Lig. Phrenicopericardiacum

104
Q

Name precisely the place where the heart is located

A

Left of the median plane (60%) (5/7 ruminants)

105
Q

Name the superficial vein of the neck useful for blood collection

A

V. Jugularis externa

106
Q

What is the termination of the abdominal aorta?

A

Left and right common iliac arteries = external and internal iliac arteries

107
Q

Name the ligament which connects the pericardium to the sternum in horse, dog, ruminants

A

Horse: Lig. Sternopericardiacum
Dog: Lig. Phrenicopericardiacum
Ruminants: Ligg. Sternopericardiaca

108
Q

Place in diaphragm that the vena cava runs through

A

Foramen vena cava

109
Q

What is the main vein in the thoracic limb for injection?

A

Vena cephalica

110
Q

Name the starting parts of the aorta

A

Aortic arch
Ascending aorta
Descending aorta

111
Q

What’s the name of the space in the diaphragm that the oesophagus runs through?

A

Hiatus oesophagus

112
Q

Name precisely the outer layer of the heart

A

Epicardium

113
Q

Name the place where blood vessels enter the spleen

A

Hilus

114
Q

Name the blood vessels of the spleen

A

Splenic artery and vein

115
Q

Name 3 lymph node of lymphocentrum cervicale profundum

A

Lnn. Cervicales profundi craniales, medii, et caudales

116
Q

Name 3 main parts of the diaphragm

A

pars lumbalis (crus dextrum/sinistrum)
pars costalis
pars sternalis

117
Q

Name 3 essential parts of the aorta

A

aorta ascendens
aorta descendens
arcus aortae

118
Q

Give 4 arteries in the abdominal cavity

A

A. Celiaca
A. Mesenterica cranialis
A. Renalis
A. Ovaria / testicularis
A. Mesenterica caudalis

119
Q

Which artery runs to the kidneys?

A

Renal artery

120
Q

Which artery runs to the liver?

A

Hepatic artery

121
Q

Which artery runs in the mandibular notch?

A

A. Facialis

122
Q

Which organ do the following run to;
- splenic artery
- hepatic artery
- left gastric artery

A

Splenic -> spleen
Hepatic -> liver
Gastric -> stomach

123
Q

Name the structure limiting the cavum pericardii

A

Epicardium (Lamina visceralis)
Pericardicum (Lamina parietalis)
Serosum

124
Q

What vein curves across the right aspect of the trachea and oesophagus?

A

Vena Azygos dextra

125
Q

What is responsible for the overall control of blood distribution and pressure?

A

The vasometer centre in the medulla oblongata

126
Q

From which heart chamber arises the truncus pulmonaris?

A

Right ventricle

127
Q

Name 2 main lymph centres of the thoracic cavity

A

Lymphocentrum thoracicum dorsale
Lymphocentrum thoracicum ventrale

128
Q

Name the cusps of Valva atrioventricularis dextra

A

Cuspis Angularis
Cuspis Septalis
Cuspis Parietalis

129
Q

What other 2 vessels apart from the aorta pass through the hiatus aorticus?

A

V. Azygos
Thoracic duct

130
Q

What myocardial ridges are found on the ventral part of the right ventricle, reducing blood turbulence?

A

Trabeculae carneae

131
Q

Name in Latin the only branch of arcus aortae in a horse

A

Truncus brachiocephalicus

132
Q

Name 3 unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta and underline the one that supplies blood to stomach

A

A. Celiaca (underlined)
A. Mesenterica caudalis
A. Mesenterica cranialis

133
Q

Name in Latin the groove visible on the facies auricularis

A

Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis (left interventricular groove)

134
Q

Name two vessels lying in incisura vasorum facialium

A

A. Fascialis
Parotid duct

135
Q

Give 3 branches of the celiac artery

A

Splenic artery
Hepatic artery
Left gastric artery

136
Q

From which vessels arises the A. Bronchoesophagea?

A

Aorta

137
Q

Which artery runs to the pelvic limb?

A

External iliac artery

138
Q

Name the surface of the heart located on the left side of the thorax

A

Auricular surface

139
Q

Name 3 blood vessels enclosed in the mediastinum craniale

A

brachiocephali trunk
Left subclavian artery

140
Q

What chamber of the heart is a) sinus coronaries b) trabeculae corneae located?

A

a) right atrium
b) left ventricle

141
Q

Which artery runs to the pelvic cavity?

A

iliac artery

142
Q

Name the groove observed on the left side of the heart

A

Sulcus interventricularis paraconalis

143
Q

Give the main branch of the vena femoralis caudalis

A

Vena saphena lateralis

144
Q

Name the muscular parts of the diaphragm surrounding centrum tendineum

A

Pars sternalis
Pars costalis
Pars lumbalis

145
Q

Name 2 lymph nodes in the head

A

Lnn. Parotid
Lnn. Mandibularis

146
Q

Name the main arteries in the forelimb

A

Subclavian -> axillary -> brachial -> median -> palmar communis digitalis -> palmar medial/lateral

147
Q

Is truncus bicarotis present in the dog?

A

No

148
Q

Name the continuation of the vena poplitea

A

Vena femoralis

149
Q

Which artery runs to the ribs from the aorta?

A

Aa. Intercostales dorsales

150
Q

What vein does the blood flow directly from the vena poplitea?

A

V. Femoris

151
Q

Which artery runs to the ribs from the left subclavian artery?

A

Aa. Intercostales ventrales

152
Q

Name the morphological structure accompanying aorta abdominalis

A

Caudal vena cava

153
Q

What structure supplies blood to the head?

A

Circle of Willis

154
Q

Name the vessel, carrying the blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver

A

A. Celia

155
Q

Name the main vein in the skull

A

External jugular vein

156
Q

Name 3 lobes of the thymus

A

Cervical lobe - lobus cervicalis sinister et dexter
Intermediate lobe - lobus intermedius
Thoracic lobe - lobus thoracicus

157
Q

Name the faces of the heart, which is most outermost

A

Right face - facies atrialis
Left face - facies auricularis

158
Q

Which structures are interconnected by chordae tendineae?

A

cusps

159
Q

Name at least 2 lymph nodes from territory of abdominal cavity

A

Lnn. Renales
Lnn. Hepatici

160
Q

Which organs are located in the caudal mediastinum?

A

Aorta
Oesophagus
Caudal vena cava

161
Q

Give the branches of linguofacial trunk

A

A. Lingualis
A. Fascialis

162
Q

Name 2 nodes of the conducting system of the heart

A

Nodus sinusatriolaris
Nodus atrioventricularis

163
Q

Give 2 main branches of vena femoralis

A

Vena saphena magna et medialis

164
Q

Give 3 arteries and veins that can be found in the popliteal region of the horse

A

A. + V. Poplitea
A. + V. Femoralis
A. + V. Saphena

165
Q

Name in Latin one opening containing the Valva semilunaris

A

Ostium aortae
Ostium trunci pulmonaris

166
Q

Name two branches of A. Brachalis

A

A. Bicipitalis
A. Profunda brachii

167
Q

Where does the external jugular vein run to?

A

Vena cava cranialis

168
Q

Name structures located in the lumbar part of the diaphragm

A

Aorta
V. Azygos
Ductus thoracicus
oesophagus

169
Q

Name the segmented branches of aorta thoracica supplying the thoracic wall

A

Aa. Intercostales dorsales

170
Q

What is sinus transversus pericardii?

A

Tunnel shaped extension of cavum pericardii between the united aorta and truncus pulmonalis, and the concave wall parts of adjacent atria

171
Q

What vessel takes blood from the GI tract to the liber and which vessel supplies the liber with oxygenated blood?

A

Vena portae hepatis
A. Hepatica

172
Q

Name the surface of the heart located on the right side of the thorax

A

Facies atrialis

173
Q

Cavum pericardium lies between what?

A

Lamina parietalis and Lamina visceralis of pericardium serosum

Animal Anatomy (19 decks)

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