Myology Flashcards
1
Q
Name two parts of m. trapezius
A
Par cervicalis
Pars thoracica
2
Q
One example of art. spheroidea
A
art. coxae
art. humeri
3
Q
One example of art. trochoidea
A
atlantoaxialis
4
Q
Muscle functions of m.teres major
A
shoulder flexion
5
Q
Two layers of the articular capsule and underline which forms ligg.capsularia
A
stratum synoviale
stratum fibrosum (underlined)
6
Q
Name an antagonist of m.serratus dorsalis cranialis
A
m.serratus dorsalis caudalis
7
Q
Two muscles of the head on the medial aspect of mandible
A
m. pterygoid lateral and medial
m. digastricus
8
Q
Muscles on the girdle musculature of thoracic limb
A
m. serratus ventralis
m. trapezius
9
Q
Origin and insertion of m.gastrocnemius
A
Tuberositas supercondylare
Tuber calcanei
10
Q
Origin and insertion of m.gastrocnemius
A
Tuberositas supercondylare
Tuber calcanei
11
Q
Two examples of aponeurses
A
m. obliqus externa and interna
transverse abdominis
12
Q
Does the tendon of m.flexor digitorum superficialis form tendo calcaneus communis
A
Yes
13
Q
Function of m.temporalis
A
Raises jaw / closes mouth
14
Q
2 examples of short ligaments of vertebral column
A
ligg. flava,
intertransveraria,
interspinalia
15
Q
What functional group does m.levator labii superioris
A
Mimic
16
Q
2 types of fibrous joints
A
syndesmosis
gomophosis
sutura
17
Q
which movementS are possible in ginglymus
A
flexio
extensio
18
Q
Name two parts of the nuchal ligament in bovine
A
Funiculus nuchae, Lamina nuchae
19
Q
Name the joint containing the discus articulariis
A
art. tempormandibularis
20
Q
Name the joint containing the memrana tectoria
A
art. atlantoaxialis
21
Q
Name the synovial joints related with the labrum glenoidale and labrum acetabulare
A
art. humeri
art.coxae
22
Q
Name 2 antagonist of m.brachialis
A
Triceps brachii
anconeus
tensor fasciae
23
Q
Function of biceps brachii
A
Shoulder flexion
Elbow extension
24
Q
Examples of ginglymus
A
Elbow joint, tibiotarsal joint, fetlock joint
25
Antagonist of m. scalenus dorsalis
mm. intercostalis internii,
m.serratus dorsales caudales
26
Nuchal ligament present in dogs
Funiculus nuchae
27
Funiculus nuchae continuation caudally
lig. supraspinale
28
Function of m. biventer cervicis
head elevation/rotation
29
Which ligament runs between vertebral arches
ligg. flava
30
Example of long ligaments in ventral column
dorsal/ventral longitudinal
31
Origin and insertion of m.rectus femoris
Corpus ossis illi
Tuberositas tibiae
32
Fibrous sheath that covers entire muscle
Epimysium
33
Structure that ensheaths a fascicle of muscle fibre
Perimysium
34
Structure surrounds individual muscle
Endomysium
35
Examples of incongruent joints
art. femorotibialis,
art temporomandibularis
36
Function of m.digastricus
Lowers jaw
37
Movements possible in biaxial joint
extension, flexion, abductio, adductio
38
What functional group does m. buccinator belong to
Mimic
39
Two membranes reinforcing atlantoaxial joint in Horse
membrana atlantoaxialis dorsalis
membrana atlantoaxialis ventralis
40
Structures forming linea alba
aponeuroses of m.obliquus externus abdominis,
m.obliquus internus abdominis
m.rectus abdominis
41
2 main types of the articulationes cartilagineae
synchondroses,
symphysis
42
3 ligaments reinforcing the art coxae in Horse
lig. capitis ossis femoris,
lig. accessorium ossis femoris,
lig. transversum acetabuli
43
2 muscles bounding jugular groove from dorsal and ventral aspect
m. sternocephalicus
m. brachiocephalicus
44
Group of joints representing gomophosis
Fibrous joints
45
Joints of art. cubiti
art. humeroulnuaris
art. humeroradialis
46
How is bone formed in satura squamosa
Overlapping of contiguous bones
47
Where is bone formed in staura squamosa
between parietal and temporal bones
48
Expiratory muscles
m. serratus dorsalis
mm. intercostalis interni
m. transversus thoracis
49
Functional group of head muscles
Mimetric muscles
Muscles of mastication
50
4 Types of bursa synoviales
Bursa synoviales subcutanea
Bursa synoviales submuscluaris
Bursa synoviales subfascialis
Bursa synoviales subtendinea
51
Passive part of the muscle
Tendon
52
Less mobile attachment of muscle
Origin
53
Movable attachment of muscle
Insertion
54
Name layer of connective tissue that:
A) ensheaths a muscle fibre
B) ensheaths the entire muscle
C) ensheats a fascicle of muscle fibre
A) Endomysium
B) Epimysium
C) Perimysium
55
Name the Parts of art. femorotibialis
Meniscus lateralis and medialis
Ligg. cruciata genus
Ligg. collatirale laterale and mediale
56
Different types of extracapsular ligament
Collateral, Dorsal, Plantar, Palmar, Annular
57
What is aponeuroses
Flat broad tendon associated with flat muscles
58
2 joints of stifle joint
art. femorotibialis
art. femoropatellaris
59
Which layer do the capsula articularis consist of
Stratum fibrosum
Stratum synoviale
60
Which type of joint represents sutura
Fibrous joint
61
Example of Fibrous joint
Satura sagittalis
62
2 long ligaments of vertebral column
Lig. nucha,
Lig. supraspinale,
Lig. longitudinal dorsale et ventrale
63
Name muscles according to shape
m. longissimus
m. trapezius
m. longus colli
m. longus captis
64
What forms linea alba
Aponeurose fusion
65
Latin name for knee and elbow
Knee - art. genus
Elbow - art. cubiti
66
2 joints of vertebrae and ribs
art. costovertebrales
art. capitis costae
art. costotransversaria
67
Parts of nuchal ligament
Funiculus nuchae,
Lamina nuchae (not in Dogs)
68
Parts of synovial joint
Articular surface
Articular cavity
Articular cartilage
69
Parts of m. brachiocephalicus
pars cervicalis
pars mastoidea
70
ligament from os sacrum to os coxae in large animals
lig. sacrotubule latum
71
Flexors of thoracic limb
m. flexor carpi radialis,
m. flexor carpi ulnaris
m. flexor digitorum superficialis
m. flexor profundus
72
3 most improtant satures of the skull
coronalis, saggittalis, lambdoidea
73
2 types of ligament
Intercapsular and extracapsular
74
2 parts of cleidocephalicus belong to
pars cervicalis
pars mastoidea
75
What muscle does cleidocephalicus belong to
m. brachicephalicus
76
Types of fibrous joint
Satura saggitallis, cornalis, lambdoidea
77
Name 2 Intracapsular ligaments
lig. capitis ossis femoris
ligg. cruciata genus
78
Muscles that draw the neck laterally
m. splenius, brachiocephalicus
79
Parts of art. femoropatellaris
lig. patellae, retinsculum patellae medial and lateral
80
what is the fibrous layer composed of
White fibrous tissue containing yellow elastic fibres
81
Where does lig. capitis costae intraarticulare go
Crista capitis costae - dorsal surface of 2 vertebrae
82
Ungilare species
Walk on tiptoes/ hooves eg deer, horses
83
Function of m.depressor labii inferioris
pulls lower lip down
84
Where does lig. nuchae go in carnivores and in large ruminants and horses
Axis (Carnivores)
Occipital bone (Equine, Bovine)
85
What is syndesmosis
Bones joined by dense connective tissue
86
What is agonist muscle
Muscle that produces desired action
87
Where is art. genis
Stifle joint
88
Function of m.levator nasobialis and m.caninus
raises upper lip, dilates nostrils
89
How many bones meet in a stifle joint
2 bones
90
How many bones meet in a compose joint
more than 2 bones
91
Plantigrade species
place whole foot on ground eg humans, bears
92
Function of m.masseter
Mastication (chewing)
93
What is the function of m.zygomaticus
draw back the angle of the mouth
94
Parts of lig. nuchae
Funciculus nuchae, lamina nuchae
95
Accessory structures of muscle
synoivial tendon sheets
fascia
synovial bursae,
sesamoid bones
96
Joint between articular processes
artt. processum articularium
97
Inspratory muscles
Diaphragma, m.rectus thoracis, mm.scaleni, m. serratus dorsalis, mm.intercostales externa
98
Divisions of m. semispinalis
m. semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, capitis,
(m. biventer cervicis + m. complexus in Carnivores)
99
2 parts of art. intermandibularis
synchondrosis intermandibularis
Satura intermandibularis
100
2 groups of art. synovialis
Articulatio simplex and composita
101
2 heads of m. gastrocnemius
caput mediale
caput laterale
102
Function of m.pterygoideus lateralis and medialis
Masstication (Chewing)
103
2 Short ligaments of vertebral column
ligg. flava
ligg. interspinalia
104
2 antagonist muscles of m.brachialis
triceps brachii, anconeus
tensor fascia antebrachii
105
2 examples of ginglymus
elbow joint, tibiotarsal joint, fetlock joint
106
Function of m.biventer cervicics
Head elevation and rotation
107
Which ligament runs through vertebral arches
Ligg. flava
108
Name 2 long ligaments of vertebral column
ligg longitudinal vent/dors
109
Origin and insertion of m.rectus femoris
Corpus ossis illi
Tuberositas tibiae
110
Function of m.digastricus
Lowers jaw
111
Type of movement possible in biaxial joint
flexion, extension, abductio, adductio
112
Fucntional group of m.buccinator
Mimic
113
3 ligaments reinforcing art. coxae in Horse
Lig. capitis ossis femoris
Lig. accessorium ossis femoris
Lig. transversum acetabuli
114
2 muscles bounding jugular groove
m. sternocephalicus,
m. brachiocephalicus
115
Function of m. teres major
Shoulder flexion
116
Origin and insertion of m.gastrocnemius
tuberositas supracondylaris
tuber calcanei
117
Muscles forming aponeuroses
m.transversus abdominis
m. obliquus interna
118
Functional group of m.levator labii supenous
mimic
119
Joint containing the membrana tectoria
art. atlantoaxialis
120
synovial joints of labrum glenoidale and acetabulare
art. humeri
art. coxae
121
3 accessory structure in muscles
sesamoid bone,
synovial tendon sheets
synovial bursae fascia
122
Function of m.longus capitis
flexes neck
123
Heads of m.gastrocnemius heads in dog
Caput mediale, caput laterale
124
antagonist of m. biceps femoris
m. quadriceps femoris,
m. sartorius
m. tensor faciae latae
m. iliopsoas
125
Joint between os coxae and sacrum
art sacriliaca
126
triceps brachi bellys
caput longum,
caput laterale
caput mediale
caput accessorium (Only in dogs)
127
1 example of art. plana
art.sacroiliaca
128
1 example of ginglymus
knee/elbow joint
129
which muscles form rectus vaginalis
mm. recti abdominis
130
main compounds of symphysis intervertebralis
Nucleus pulposus,
anulus fibrosus,
Discus intervertebralis
131
Ligaments in femorotibial joint
Ligg cruciate agenus,
collateral med/lat
art. meniscus (lat/med)
132
2 short ligaments of vertebral column
ligg. flava,
ligg. interspinala
133
Biggest head of the quadriceps femoris
m. vastus lateralis
134
Where does lig. longitudinal ventrale go
8th thoracic to sacrum
135
Hind limb flexor name and function
m. tibialis cranialis - flex hock
m. extensor digitoum longus - flexes tarsal
m. triceps surae (m. gastrocnemius in dog) - flex stifle
m. flexor digitorum superficialis - flexes phalanges
136
Function and antagonist of brachial muscle
function - flexes elbow joint
antagonist - m. tensor faciae antebrachii
137
Antagonist of m.extensor carpi radialis
m. flexor carpi radialis
138
4 types of bursa synoviales
Bursa synoviales subcutanae
Bursa synoviales submuscularis
Bursa synoviales subfacilis
Bursa synoviales subtendinea
139
2 inspiration muscles
mm. intercostales externi,
Diaphragma
m. rectus thoracis
140
antagonist of m. biceps brachii
m. triceps brachii
141
antagonist of m. obliquus internus abdominis
m. obliquus externus abdominis
142
Is m. vastus mediales part of m.quadriceps femoris
Yes
143
rectile muscles of vagina
mm. recti abdminalis
144
2 joints between rib and vertebral column
art. capitis costae
art. costotransversaria
145
Ligament in axis of dog
Nuchal ligament
146
Ligament in occipital bone in Horses
Nuchal ligament
147
Animals with no lamina nuchae
Dog and cat
148
2 layers of auricular capsule
outer - stratum fibrosum
inner - stratum synoivale
149
2 membranes strengthening altanto-occipital joint
ventral and dorsal atlanto-occipital membranes
150
Branches of biceps femoris
Calcaneal
Stifle
Tibial branch
151
What is deep inguinal ring and muscular structure forming it
caudal to last muscle fibres of m.obliquus internus abdominis, lateral to m.rectus abdominis
Border - lig .inguinale
152
Common joint features
Cavity
Capsule
Hyaline joint cartilage
153
2 types of biaxial joints
art ellipsoidea
art condylaris
154
example of rotation movement and joint
shake head
axis-atlas joint
155
3 suturae of skull
sagaitallis
coronalis
lamboidea
156
parts of ligg temporomandibularis
lig caudale (ruminants and equine)
lig laterale
157
2 parts of art. intermandibularis
suturae
syndesmosis
158
What type of joint is atlanto-occipitalis
art. ellipsoidea
159
2 membranes and a ligament of atlanto-occipitalis
ventral and dorsal atlanto-occipitalis
lig.laterale
160
What type of joint is atlanto - axialis
art. trochoidea
161
2 membranes and a ligament of atlanto - axialis
dorsal atlantoaxial membrane and membrana tectoria
lig. apicis dentis, lig. atlantoaxiale dorsale, ligg alaria (canine)
162
3 parts of symphysis intervertebralis
discus intervertebralis, anulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus
163
4 long lig. in vertebral column
Lig. longitudinale ventrale et dorsale
Lig. nuchae
Lig. supraspinale
164
Long lig absent in cat/dog/pig
Lig.nuchae
165
3 short lig. of vertebral column
ligg. flava
ligg. intertransversaria
ligg. interspinalia
166
Type of joint is art. humeri
shoulder, simple, spheroid
167
2 ligg and labrum of art. humeri
Labrum glenodale
lig. glenohumeralis (car)
lig. coracohumerale (ungulares)
168
what type of joint is art. cubiti
elbow, composite, ginglymus-hinge joint
169
Joint involving radius, ulna, carpals and metacarpals
art. manus - art. cubiti
Lig. collaterale carpi mediale et laterale
170
Lig. sacrotuberale in large animals
lig. sacrotuberale latum
171
What joint does lig sacrotuberale latum belong to
art. sacroiliaca
172
What bones does ligg. patellae connect
apex of patella to tuberositas tibiae
173
what kind of joint is art. coxae
hip joint, composite, spheroid
174
where are sesamoid bones found
tendons - joint capsules
175
How many layers in vaginae synoviales tendons
2
176
name an agonist and antagonist pair
Triceps and biceps brachii
177
muscle that works with the agonist
synergist
178
name transversely placed sheets of CT across m. recti abdominis
intersections tendineae
179
Which tendon attaches to tuber calcanei
tendo calcaneus communis
180
muscles above hock which attaches to tuber calcanei
m. triceps surae
m. triceps femoris
m. semitendinosus
181
muscle below hock which attaches to tuber calcanei
m. flexor digitorum superficialis
182
2 facial sphincters
m. orbicularis oris (mouth)
m. orbicularis occuli (eyelid)
183
muscle that raises lip and pulls down lip
raises - m.caninus and m. levator nasobialis
Lowers - m. depressor labii inferioris
184
muscle that dilates the nostrils
m. caninus and m. levator nasobialis
185
muscles of mastification not visible laterally
m. pterygoideus medialis + lateralis
m. digastricus
186
muscle from paracondylar fossa to mandible
m. digastricus
187
muscles of inspiration
m. serratus dorsalis cranialis
m. rectus thoracicus
mm. intercostalis externi
mm. scaleni
diaphragma
188
back muscle that flexes shoulder
m latissimus dorsi
189
muscles of expiration
m. serratus dorsalis caudalis
m. transversus thoracis
mm. intercostalis sterni
190
muscle from atlas to spina scapulae
m. omotransversarius
191
muscle which rotates and elevates shoulder
m. trapezius
192
name 3 mm. pectorales
superficiales
descendens
transeversus
profundus
193
to what structures do centrum tendineum verterbale and foramen venae cavae belong?
Name 3 parts
Diaphragma
costal
lumbar
sternal
194
which is connected by linea alba
m. rectus thoracis
m. rectus abdominis
195
which muscle has 4 heads, name them
m. triceps brachii
caput longum
caput laterale
caput accessorium
caput mediale
196
muscle that adducts the hindlimb
m. adductor
m. gracialis
197
2 extensors of phalangeal joint
m. tibialis cranialis, m. extensor digitorum longus
198
2 flexors of phalangeal joint
m. peroneus longus, m. extensor digitorum lateralis
199
parts of lig. nuchae
funiculus nuchae, lamina nuchae
200
joints between vertebrae and ribs
art.capitis costae and art. costotransversaria
201
2 ligaments of art. femoropatellaris
lig. patella,
lig. femoropatellare laterale et mediale
202
2 ligaments of femorotibial joint
ligg. cruciate genus
lig. collaterale laterale and mediale
203
function of m. masseter
mastification
204
attachement of m. temporalis
temporal fossa
205
attachement of m. digastricus
paracondylar process (mandible)
206
attachment of m. pterygoideus
pterygoid fossa
207
straight and transverse abdominal muscles and important feature
m. transversus abdominus
m. rectus abdominis
intersectiones tendineae
208
antagonist of m. brachialis
triceps femoris
tensor fascia antebrachii
anconeus
209
Function of m. biventer cervicis
head elevation and rotation
210
what ligg. runs between vertebral arches
ligg. flava
211
insertion of m.rectus femoris
tuberositas tibiae
212
what movements are possible in biaxial joint
flexion
extension
abductio
adductio
213
functional group of m. buccinator
mimic
214
3 ligg. reinforcing art. coxae in horse
lig. capitis ossis femoris
lig. accessorium ossis femoris
lig. transverum acetebuli
215
2 muscles bounding jugular groove from dorsal and ventral aspect
m. sternocephalicus
m. brachiocephalicus
216
2 examples of muscles of girdle musculature of thoracic limb
m. serratus ventralis
m. trapezius
217
insertion of m. gastrocnemius
tuber calcanei
218
2 intercapsular ligaments of femorotibial joint
ligg. cruciatum craniale et caudale
219
movements possible in ginglymus
flexio, extensio
220
joint connecting to membrana tectoria
art. atlantoaxialis
221
synoival joints related with labrum glenoidale and labrum acetabulare
art. humeri and art coxae
222
Name 3 types of CT and what they surround
endomysium-muscle fibres
preimysium- fasicles
epimysium- whole muscle
223
5 muscle types and examples
parallel/ strap - m. abdominis
fusiform - m. biceps brachii
unipennate - m. extensor digitorum communis
bipennate - m. rectus femoris
multipennate - m. deltoideus
224
pennate muscles have.....
tendons alongside them
225
function of tendons
join muscle to bone
226
what is aponeurosis
flat tendons associated with flat muscles
227
name 4 accessory structures and their functions
ossa sesamoidea- ?
vaginae synoviales tendinis - reduce friction
bursa synovialis - reduce friction
fascia - interpenetrate muscles
228
4 bursa synovialis
bursa synovialis subcutanea,
bursa synovialis submuscluaris,
bursa synovialis subfascialis,
bursa synoivialis subtendinea
229
3 fascia
deep,
visceral,
superficial
230
function of agonist and antagonis
agonist-directly responsible for desired action
antagonist - works oppositely to agonist, returns limb to resting position
231
movements of Synergist
moves joint in same direction as another muscle
232
function of linea alba
covers left and right m. rectus abdominis
233
Internal leaf of vagina m. recti abdominis
aponeurosis of m. transversus abdominis
fascia transversalis
m. obliquus internus abdominis (caudally)
234
external leaf of vagina m. recti abdominis
aponeurosis of m. obliquus externus abdominis
m. obliquus abdominis
m. transversus abdominis (caudally)
235
What animals have tunica flava abdominis
Ruminants (herbivores)
236
function of tunica flava abdominis
supports abdomen
237
function of inguinal canal and location
between anulus inguinalis superficialis and profundus
descent of testis/ vagina process
238
Location of anulus inguinalis profundus
caudal to m.obliquus internus abdominis
lateral to m. rectus abdominis
239
describe inguinal ligament
thickened caudal portion of m. obliquus abdominis from tuber coxae to eminentia iliopubica
240
what is anulus inguinalis superficialis
opening in aponeurosis of m. obliquus externus abdominis
241
3 feet types and examples
Plantigrade - Humans and bears
digitigrade - dogs and raccons
unguligrade - deer and horses
242
Names 3 types of joints
Articulationes fibrosae, cartilangineae,
synoviales
243
3 types of art. fibrosae
syndesmosis
sutura
gomphosis
244
What is syndesmosis and examples
interosseus membrane,
slight movement,
metatarsals and metacarpals (horse)
245
What is sutura, 5 examples
Skull
sutura serrata - sutura inferorbitalis
sutura squamosa - between parietal and temporal bones
sutura folliata - sutura parieto-occipitalis
sutura plana - sutura internasalis
schindylesis - perpendicular plate
246
what is gomphosis, examples
tooth-bone of socket
alveolus dentalis
247
2 types of cartilagineae and examples
synchondrosis - cartilage
intersternal synchondrosis
symphysis - fibrocartilage
symphysis pelvina & symphysis intervertebralis
248
2 categories of synovial joint
simplex and composita
249
2 layers of synovial joints
synovial and fibrous
250
synovial layer function and 2 examples
synovial fluid
plicae synovialis and villi synovialis
251
function of fibrous layer
forms extracapsular ligament
252
6 synovial joints and examples
art. plana - art.sacroillaca
art. spheroidea - art.humeri, art. coxae
art. ellipsodea- atlanto-occipital joint
ginglymus - tibiotarsal joint
art. congylaris (sellaris) - costotransverse joint
art. trochoidea - atlanto-axial joint
253
2 ligament types
intracpsular
extracapsular
254
3 extracapsular ligaments
collateral - medial/lateral to joint
dorsal/palmer/plantar - front/back
annular - surround joint
255
Location of discus articularis
temporomadibular joint
256
Location of meniscus articularis
femorotibial joint
257
movement possible by hypertensio
extend beyond 180°
258
movement possible by adductio
movement towards medial plane
259
movement possible by abductio
movement away from medial plane
260
movement possible by circumductio
compines all except rotation
261
movement possible by pronatio
rotates extremity so dorsum is up
262
movement possible by supinato
palmer or plantar is up
