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Biol > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Define Respiration

A

Involves the breakdown off organic molecules and in this process energy is released in the form of ATP.

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2
Q

Is all energy that is produced from respiration used in the form of ATP?

A

No some is lost as heat

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3
Q

Define ATP

A

Adenosine Tri-Phospahte is the universal carrier for energy, for all cells

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4
Q

What classification does ATP fall under?

A

Nucleotide

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5
Q

What does ATP become after it undertakes hydrolysis

A

ADP + Pi

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6
Q

What is the initial starting molecules for respiration?

A

Glucose

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7
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

A

Anaerobic

Aerobic

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8
Q

Where does cellular respiration occur?

A

In the mitochondria

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9
Q

How many membranes does the mitochondria have?

A

Two

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10
Q

What are the inner foldings in the mitochondria called?

A

Cristae

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11
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

A

Cristae

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12
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

A

The fluid surrounding the inner-membrane

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13
Q

Do the mitochondria have DNA and ribosomes

A

Yes

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14
Q

Define Aerobic Respiration

A

The breakdown of glucose into simple inorganic compounds (CO2 and H2O) in the prescence of oxygen.

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15
Q

Define Anaerobic Respiration

A

The breakdown of glucose to small inorganic compounds in the absence of oxygen. As there is an incomplete breakdown of glucose, less energy is released per glucose molecule.

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16
Q

Overall Chemical Equation for Aerobic Respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

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17
Q

Anaerobic vs Aerobic Respiration

A
  • Anaerobic does not require oxygen and aerobic respiration does
  • Aerobic has slower ATP production and anaerobic respiration has a rapid rate of ATP production.
  • Anaerobic respiration has 2 moles of ATP produced, whereas aerobic respiration has 36 mole of ATP produced.
  • Anaerobic Respiration has various end products (lactate and water: humans, ethanol and CO2:yeasts, butyl alcohol:bacteria). Aerobic respiration has end products of CO2 and water.
18
Q

Name the four steps of Aerobic respiration

A
  • Glycolysis
  • Link/Transition
  • Krebs Cycle
  • Electron Transport Chain
19
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Occurs in the cytosol of the cell

20
Q

Does glycolysis require oxygen?

A

No

21
Q

What are the inputs of glycolysis?

A

Glucose
2NAD
2ADP+ Pi

22
Q

What does glycolsis produce?

A

2ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH

23
Q

How many carbons are in one molecule of pyruvate?

A

Three carbons

24
Q

What occurs in the transition stage?

A

Two carbon molecules and coenzymeA for acetly coA, this will go to the Krebs Cycle. Loose carbons and this bonds with oxygen to form Carbon Dioxide which is a waste product.

25
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

A

Occurs in the matrix

26
Q

Where is the majority of ATP produced in respiration?

A

In the electron transport chain

27
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

A

In the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria

28
Q

What are the inputs of the electron transport chain?

A

NADH and FADH2
O2
32-34 ADP +Pi

29
Q

Explain the electron transport chain

A

-The acceptor molecules release hydrogen and assosciated electrons to proteinns which then pass it onto a nother protein etc etc like a chain
The protein pumps H+ ionsthat crosses the membrane from the matrix into the inter membrane space.
-Hydrogen ions build up in the inter-membrane space, resulting in a gradient.
-Hydrogen ions move back through the membrane through a protein called ATP synthase, across the concentratioon gradient
-Through this ATP synthase has a property that when H+ ions are passing through it will also produuce ATP
-Oxygen is also present and when it combines with the electrons from NADH and FADH2 then it reacts with the hydrogen ions to form water.

30
Q

Overall Outcome for the Electron Transport Chain

A

-34-36 ATP molecules are produced
-NAD
FAD
H20

31
Q

Explain the process for anaerobic in humans

A
  • Glycolysis where 2 pyruvate molecules are formed
  • In the absence of oxygen an enzyme in humans will convert the pyruvate molecules to lactate molecules.
  • Total energy that is yielded is 2 ATP molecules
32
Q

Explain the process for anaerobic in yeast

A
  • The pyruvate that is produced into CO2 and ethanol

- The energy yield is 2ATP

33
Q

What occurs in glycolysis

A

Splitting of glucose into two pyruvate molecules

33
Q

Define the matrix

A

Fluid surrounding inner membrane of the mitochondria

34
Q

Mitochondria posses their own….

A

DNA (mtDNA)

and ribosomes

35
Q

What is the ultimate source of energy for all cells?

A

Sunlight

36
Q

What type of pathway is celluar respiratin?

A

Catabolic

37
Q

How is ATP formed?

A

When ADP reacts with inorganic phosphate

38
Q

Does glyclosis require oxygen

A

No

40
Q

Inputs of Krebs Cycle

A

2 pyruvate
NAD
FAD
2ADP +Pi

41
Q

Outputs of the krebs cycle

A

NADH
FADH
6 CO2
2 ATP

Biol (22 decks)

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