Respiration Flashcards
Define Respiration
Involves the breakdown off organic molecules and in this process energy is released in the form of ATP.
Is all energy that is produced from respiration used in the form of ATP?
No some is lost as heat
Define ATP
Adenosine Tri-Phospahte is the universal carrier for energy, for all cells
What classification does ATP fall under?
Nucleotide
What does ATP become after it undertakes hydrolysis
ADP + Pi
What is the initial starting molecules for respiration?
Glucose
What are the two types of respiration?
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
How many membranes does the mitochondria have?
Two
What are the inner foldings in the mitochondria called?
Cristae
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
Cristae
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
The fluid surrounding the inner-membrane
Do the mitochondria have DNA and ribosomes
Yes
Define Aerobic Respiration
The breakdown of glucose into simple inorganic compounds (CO2 and H2O) in the prescence of oxygen.
Define Anaerobic Respiration
The breakdown of glucose to small inorganic compounds in the absence of oxygen. As there is an incomplete breakdown of glucose, less energy is released per glucose molecule.
Overall Chemical Equation for Aerobic Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Anaerobic vs Aerobic Respiration
- Anaerobic does not require oxygen and aerobic respiration does
- Aerobic has slower ATP production and anaerobic respiration has a rapid rate of ATP production.
- Anaerobic respiration has 2 moles of ATP produced, whereas aerobic respiration has 36 mole of ATP produced.
- Anaerobic Respiration has various end products (lactate and water: humans, ethanol and CO2:yeasts, butyl alcohol:bacteria). Aerobic respiration has end products of CO2 and water.
Name the four steps of Aerobic respiration
- Glycolysis
- Link/Transition
- Krebs Cycle
- Electron Transport Chain
Where does glycolysis occur?
Occurs in the cytosol of the cell
Does glycolysis require oxygen?
No
What are the inputs of glycolysis?
Glucose
2NAD
2ADP+ Pi
What does glycolsis produce?
2ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH
How many carbons are in one molecule of pyruvate?
Three carbons
What occurs in the transition stage?
Two carbon molecules and coenzymeA for acetly coA, this will go to the Krebs Cycle. Loose carbons and this bonds with oxygen to form Carbon Dioxide which is a waste product.
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
Occurs in the matrix
Where is the majority of ATP produced in respiration?
In the electron transport chain
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
In the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria
What are the inputs of the electron transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
O2
32-34 ADP +Pi
Explain the electron transport chain
-The acceptor molecules release hydrogen and assosciated electrons to proteinns which then pass it onto a nother protein etc etc like a chain
The protein pumps H+ ionsthat crosses the membrane from the matrix into the inter membrane space.
-Hydrogen ions build up in the inter-membrane space, resulting in a gradient.
-Hydrogen ions move back through the membrane through a protein called ATP synthase, across the concentratioon gradient
-Through this ATP synthase has a property that when H+ ions are passing through it will also produuce ATP
-Oxygen is also present and when it combines with the electrons from NADH and FADH2 then it reacts with the hydrogen ions to form water.
Overall Outcome for the Electron Transport Chain
-34-36 ATP molecules are produced
-NAD
FAD
H20
Explain the process for anaerobic in humans
- Glycolysis where 2 pyruvate molecules are formed
- In the absence of oxygen an enzyme in humans will convert the pyruvate molecules to lactate molecules.
- Total energy that is yielded is 2 ATP molecules
Explain the process for anaerobic in yeast
- The pyruvate that is produced into CO2 and ethanol
- The energy yield is 2ATP
What occurs in glycolysis
Splitting of glucose into two pyruvate molecules
Define the matrix
Fluid surrounding inner membrane of the mitochondria
Mitochondria posses their own….
DNA (mtDNA)
and ribosomes
What is the ultimate source of energy for all cells?
Sunlight
What type of pathway is celluar respiratin?
Catabolic
How is ATP formed?
When ADP reacts with inorganic phosphate
Does glyclosis require oxygen
No
Inputs of Krebs Cycle
2 pyruvate
NAD
FAD
2ADP +Pi
Outputs of the krebs cycle
NADH
FADH
6 CO2
2 ATP
