Respiration

Question 1

Define Respiration

Answer 1

Involves the breakdown off organic molecules and in this process energy is released in the form of ATP.

Question 2

Is all energy that is produced from respiration used in the form of ATP?

Answer 2

No some is lost as heat

Question 3

Define ATP

Answer 3

Adenosine Tri-Phospahte is the universal carrier for energy, for all cells

Question 4

What classification does ATP fall under?

Answer 4

Nucleotide

Question 5

What does ATP become after it undertakes hydrolysis

Answer 5

ADP + Pi

Question 6

What is the initial starting molecules for respiration?

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

What are the two types of respiration?

Answer 7

Anaerobic

Aerobic

Question 8

Where does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 8

In the mitochondria

Question 9

How many membranes does the mitochondria have?

Answer 9

Two

Question 10

What are the inner foldings in the mitochondria called?

Answer 10

Cristae

Question 11

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 11

Cristae

Question 12

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

Answer 12

The fluid surrounding the inner-membrane

Question 13

Do the mitochondria have DNA and ribosomes

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Define Aerobic Respiration

Answer 14

The breakdown of glucose into simple inorganic compounds (CO2 and H2O) in the prescence of oxygen.

Question 15

Define Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 15

The breakdown of glucose to small inorganic compounds in the absence of oxygen. As there is an incomplete breakdown of glucose, less energy is released per glucose molecule.

Question 16

Overall Chemical Equation for Aerobic Respiration

Answer 16

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 17

Anaerobic vs Aerobic Respiration

Answer 17

• Anaerobic does not require oxygen and aerobic respiration does
• Aerobic has slower ATP production and anaerobic respiration has a rapid rate of ATP production.
• Anaerobic respiration has 2 moles of ATP produced, whereas aerobic respiration has 36 mole of ATP produced.
• Anaerobic Respiration has various end products (lactate and water: humans, ethanol and CO2:yeasts, butyl alcohol:bacteria). Aerobic respiration has end products of CO2 and water.

Question 18

Name the four steps of Aerobic respiration

Answer 18

• Glycolysis
• Link/Transition
• Krebs Cycle
• Electron Transport Chain

Question 19

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 19

Occurs in the cytosol of the cell

Question 20

Does glycolysis require oxygen?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What are the inputs of glycolysis?

Answer 21

Glucose
2NAD
2ADP+ Pi

Question 22

What does glycolsis produce?

Answer 22

2ATP
2 Pyruvate
2 NADH

Question 23

How many carbons are in one molecule of pyruvate?

Answer 23

Three carbons

Question 24

What occurs in the transition stage?

Answer 24

Two carbon molecules and coenzymeA for acetly coA, this will go to the Krebs Cycle. Loose carbons and this bonds with oxygen to form Carbon Dioxide which is a waste product.

Question 25

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

Answer 25

Occurs in the matrix

Question 26

Where is the majority of ATP produced in respiration?

Answer 26

In the electron transport chain

Question 27

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 27

In the inter-membrane space of the mitochondria

Question 28

What are the inputs of the electron transport chain?

Answer 28

NADH and FADH2 O2 32-34 ADP +Pi

Question 29

Explain the electron transport chain

Answer 29

-The acceptor molecules release hydrogen and assosciated electrons to proteinns which then pass it onto a nother protein etc etc like a chain The protein pumps H+ ionsthat crosses the membrane from the matrix into the inter membrane space. -Hydrogen ions build up in the inter-membrane space, resulting in a gradient. -Hydrogen ions move back through the membrane through a protein called ATP synthase, across the concentratioon gradient -Through this ATP synthase has a property that when H+ ions are passing through it will also produuce ATP -Oxygen is also present and when it combines with the electrons from NADH and FADH2 then it reacts with the hydrogen ions to form water.

Question 30

Overall Outcome for the Electron Transport Chain

Answer 30

-34-36 ATP molecules are produced -NAD FAD H20

Question 31

Explain the process for anaerobic in humans

Answer 31

- Glycolysis where 2 pyruvate molecules are formed - In the absence of oxygen an enzyme in humans will convert the pyruvate molecules to lactate molecules. - Total energy that is yielded is 2 ATP molecules

Question 32

Explain the process for anaerobic in yeast

Answer 32

- The pyruvate that is produced into CO2 and ethanol | - The energy yield is 2ATP

Question 33

What occurs in glycolysis

Answer 33

Splitting of glucose into two pyruvate molecules

Question 33

Define the matrix

Answer 33

Fluid surrounding inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 34

Mitochondria posses their own....

Answer 34

DNA (mtDNA) | and ribosomes

Question 35

What is the ultimate source of energy for all cells?

Answer 35

Sunlight

Question 36

What type of pathway is celluar respiratin?

Answer 36

Catabolic

Question 37

How is ATP formed?

Answer 37

When ADP reacts with inorganic phosphate

Question 38

Does glyclosis require oxygen

Answer 38

No

Question 40

Inputs of Krebs Cycle

Answer 40

2 pyruvate NAD FAD 2ADP +Pi

Question 41

Outputs of the krebs cycle

Answer 41

NADH FADH 6 CO2 2 ATP