Nervous System

Question 1

What are the two sections that the nervous system is divided into?

Answer 1

CNS

PNS

Question 2

What does CNS stand for?

Answer 2

Central nervous system

Question 3

What is the central nervous system comprised of?

Answer 3

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 4

What’s does PNS stand for

Answer 4

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 5

What is the PNS made up of?

Answer 5

All the other neurons outside the CNS

Question 6

What does the nervous system allow the body to do?

Answer 6

Allows the organism to react to the stimulus very quickly.

Question 7

What are the responses like of nervous system?

Answer 7

Rapid and short

Question 8

What are the two parts of the PNS?

Answer 8

• Sensory division

- Motor Division

Question 9

Outline the role of the sensory division

Answer 9

Transmits information to the CNS

Question 10

Outline the role of the motor division.

Answer 10

Transmits information away from the CNS

Question 11

What are the roles of the somatic sensory neurons?

Answer 11

Transmits information to the CNS from the external environment via senses

Question 12

What is the role of visceral sensory neurons?

Answer 12

Transmits information to the CNS from the internal environment e.g organ

Question 13

What are the two systems of motor division?

Answer 13

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous a System

Question 14

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

Answer 14

Transmits messages to skeletal muscles. This is a VOLUNTARY system

Question 15

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 15

It is an involuntary system

It sends messages to smooth muscles, heart muscle and glands as humans cannot control these things

Question 16

What are the two sections of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 16

• Sympathetic

- Parasympathetic

Question 17

Explain synaptic signalling

Answer 17

Nerve cells releases neurotransmitter molecules into synaptic celft, stimulating target cell

Question 18

What are responses to the changed dectected by the nervous system like?

Answer 18

Rapid and short

Question 19

What is a nerve cell called

Answer 19

A neuron

Question 20

What sort of impulses do neurons transmit?

Answer 20

Electrical

Question 21

Function:Cell body in neuron

Answer 21

Mass of cytoplasm with contains a nucleus, from which branches of neurons arise

Question 22

Function: Axon

Answer 22

Carry information away from the cell body to another neuron or tissue

Question 23

Function Dendrites

Answer 23

Recieve stimuli from other cells

Question 24

Function Synaptic terminals

Answer 24

Communicate with other cells

located on the dendrites

Question 25

Function myelin sheath

Answer 25

increases speed of electrical impulses and insulates against loss of impulses for the neuron

Question 26

Function Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 26

Impulses jump from one to the next hence creating a more rapid impulse (spaces in between the myelin sheath)

Question 27

Function Axon Terminal

Answer 27

Release neurotransmitter to next cell

Question 28

Three types of neurons

Answer 28

- Sensory - Interneurons - Motor Neurons

Question 29

Function- Sensory neurons

Answer 29

Carry sensory information from the receptors to the CNS

Question 30

Function- Interneurons

Answer 30

Form connections or links between other nuerons in the CNS

Question 31

Function- Motor Neurons

Answer 31

Carry information from the CNS to the effectors to generate a response

Question 32

Definition of a nerve

Answer 32

A bundle of motor neurons and or sensory neurons with tissue and bloo vesscles.

Question 33

What initially begins action potential?

Answer 33

When a signal binds to a receptor on a dendrite it creates an electrical impulse which travels along the axon to the axon terminal

Question 34

What happens when the electrical impulses reaches the axon terminal?

Answer 34

Releases a neurotransmitter which will either move to the enxt neuron or effector via brownian motion

Question 35

Explain the resting state of a neuron

Answer 35

Potassium inside Sodium Outside Hence a resting state of an overall negative charge inside the neurone.

Question 36

What happens to the membrane when the signal binds to the dendrite?

Answer 36

It becomes more permeable to sodium ions and they rush into the cell

Question 37

What is known as action potential

Answer 37

The temporary charge outside the neuron when sodium ions rush into the neuron via the protein channels

Question 38

Does action potential move in sections?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

What happens after the impulse has moved along the neuron

Answer 39

It will return back to its resting state, and will repolarise

Question 40

Define neurohormones

Answer 40

Hormones released into the bloodstream and are produced by neurosecretory cells

Question 41

What is the synapses?

Answer 41

The region at the end of an axon

Question 42

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 42

Proteins in which are chemical messengers and exit the neurone via secretory vesicles. They will then diffuse across the synapse and join to protein receptors on the membrane of a dendrite, muscle or gland.

Question 43

What are the two types of neurotransmitters?

Answer 43

Excitatory | Inhibitory

Question 44

What is the neuromuscular junction

Answer 44

Synpase (gap) between a neuron and a muscle

Question 45

Explain the ecitatoory synapse

Answer 45

- net low of positive charges into the cell, leaving the cell depolarised - leading to becoming closer to threshold

Question 46

Explain the inhibitory synapse

Answer 46

- Membrane pushes even more negative than the resting state - Cell then becomes hyperolarised - Reduced chance of action potential

Question 47

Role of meninges in brain

Answer 47

Membranes which enclose the brain

Question 48

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 48

Fluid between membrane acts as cushioning to the CNS when it recieves a knock

Question 49

Cerebrum

Answer 49

Controls all concsious actions

Question 50

Cerebellum

Answer 50

Coordination of complex muscle movement

Question 51

Thalumus

Answer 51

Recieves impluses from the sensory neurons and directs the message to a part of the brain

Question 52

Hypothalamus

Answer 52

Regulates the release of hormones and controls other aspects of homeostasis.

Question 53

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 53

A pathway from a receptor to effector that does not involve the brain

Question 54

How do reflex arc work?

Answer 54

involuntary movement directly controlled by the spinal cord