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Biol > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two sections that the nervous system is divided into?

A

CNS

PNS

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2
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central nervous system

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3
Q

What is the central nervous system comprised of?

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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4
Q

What’s does PNS stand for

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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5
Q

What is the PNS made up of?

A

All the other neurons outside the CNS

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6
Q

What does the nervous system allow the body to do?

A

Allows the organism to react to the stimulus very quickly.

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7
Q

What are the responses like of nervous system?

A

Rapid and short

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8
Q

What are the two parts of the PNS?

A
  • Sensory division

- Motor Division

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9
Q

Outline the role of the sensory division

A

Transmits information to the CNS

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10
Q

Outline the role of the motor division.

A

Transmits information away from the CNS

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11
Q

What are the roles of the somatic sensory neurons?

A

Transmits information to the CNS from the external environment via senses

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12
Q

What is the role of visceral sensory neurons?

A

Transmits information to the CNS from the internal environment e.g organ

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13
Q

What are the two systems of motor division?

A

Somatic Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous a System

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14
Q

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

A

Transmits messages to skeletal muscles. This is a VOLUNTARY system

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15
Q

What is the role of the autonomic nervous system

A

It is an involuntary system

It sends messages to smooth muscles, heart muscle and glands as humans cannot control these things

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16
Q

What are the two sections of the autonomic nervous system

A
  • Sympathetic

- Parasympathetic

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17
Q

Explain synaptic signalling

A

Nerve cells releases neurotransmitter molecules into synaptic celft, stimulating target cell

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18
Q

What are responses to the changed dectected by the nervous system like?

A

Rapid and short

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19
Q

What is a nerve cell called

A

A neuron

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20
Q

What sort of impulses do neurons transmit?

A

Electrical

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21
Q

Function:Cell body in neuron

A

Mass of cytoplasm with contains a nucleus, from which branches of neurons arise

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22
Q

Function: Axon

A

Carry information away from the cell body to another neuron or tissue

23
Q

Function Dendrites

A

Recieve stimuli from other cells

24
Q

Function Synaptic terminals

A

Communicate with other cells

located on the dendrites

25
Q

Function myelin sheath

A

increases speed of electrical impulses and insulates against loss of impulses for the neuron

26
Q

Function Nodes of Ranvier

A

Impulses jump from one to the next hence creating a more rapid impulse

(spaces in between the myelin sheath)

27
Q

Function Axon Terminal

A

Release neurotransmitter to next cell

28
Q

Three types of neurons

A
  • Sensory
  • Interneurons
  • Motor Neurons
29
Q

Function- Sensory neurons

A

Carry sensory information from the receptors to the CNS

30
Q

Function- Interneurons

A

Form connections or links between other nuerons in the CNS

31
Q

Function- Motor Neurons

A

Carry information from the CNS to the effectors to generate a response

32
Q

Definition of a nerve

A

A bundle of motor neurons and or sensory neurons with tissue and bloo vesscles.

33
Q

What initially begins action potential?

A

When a signal binds to a receptor on a dendrite it creates an electrical impulse which travels along the axon to the axon terminal

34
Q

What happens when the electrical impulses reaches the axon terminal?

A

Releases a neurotransmitter which will either move to the enxt neuron or effector via brownian motion

35
Q

Explain the resting state of a neuron

A

Potassium inside
Sodium Outside
Hence a resting state of an overall negative charge inside the neurone.

36
Q

What happens to the membrane when the signal binds to the dendrite?

A

It becomes more permeable to sodium ions and they rush into the cell

37
Q

What is known as action potential

A

The temporary charge outside the neuron when sodium ions rush into the neuron via the protein channels

38
Q

Does action potential move in sections?

A

Yes

39
Q

What happens after the impulse has moved along the neuron

A

It will return back to its resting state, and will repolarise

40
Q

Define neurohormones

A

Hormones released into the bloodstream and are produced by neurosecretory cells

41
Q

What is the synapses?

A

The region at the end of an axon

42
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Proteins in which are chemical messengers and exit the neurone via secretory vesicles. They will then diffuse across the synapse and join to protein receptors on the membrane of a dendrite, muscle or gland.

43
Q

What are the two types of neurotransmitters?

A

Excitatory

Inhibitory

44
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction

A

Synpase (gap) between a neuron and a muscle

45
Q

Explain the ecitatoory synapse

A
  • net low of positive charges into the cell, leaving the cell depolarised
  • leading to becoming closer to threshold
46
Q

Explain the inhibitory synapse

A
  • Membrane pushes even more negative than the resting state
  • Cell then becomes hyperolarised
  • Reduced chance of action potential
47
Q

Role of meninges in brain

A

Membranes which enclose the brain

48
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

Fluid between membrane acts as cushioning to the CNS when it recieves a knock

49
Q

Cerebrum

A

Controls all concsious actions

50
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordination of complex muscle movement

51
Q

Thalumus

A

Recieves impluses from the sensory neurons and directs the message to a part of the brain

52
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates the release of hormones and controls other aspects of homeostasis.

53
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

A pathway from a receptor to effector that does not involve the brain

54
Q

How do reflex arc work?

A

involuntary movement directly controlled by the spinal cord

Biol (22 decks)

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