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Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pathogen

A

Disease causing celllular or non-cellualr agent

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2
Q

Define Disease

A

Any abnormality or failure in the body enabllibng it to not function properly

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3
Q

Define Parasite

A

An organism that lives on a host. This use the host for foood/shelter and contributng nothing to the hosts welfare

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4
Q

List the ways disease can be transmitted

A
  • Direct contact (touching kissing etc etc)
  • Exchange of bodily fluids
  • Water
  • Indirect contact (bed linen)
  • Air e.g sneezing
  • Food
  • Vectors
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5
Q

What are vectors

A

Oraganisms that carry disease

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6
Q

Are prions cellular or non-cellular

A

Non-cellular

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7
Q

Where are prions produced

A

Nerve Cells

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8
Q

What do prions look like?

A

Folded pieces of protein

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9
Q

What do prions cause?

A

Degenerative neurological diseases

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10
Q

Where are prions located

A

Neurons

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11
Q

What are the two ways that you can get a prion infection

A
  • Accquired infection: e.g contaminated meat

- Hereditary trait

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12
Q

Is there a treatment/cure for those who are affected by prions

A

NO

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13
Q

What is a normal prion protein referred to as?

A

PrPc

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14
Q

How do prions spread when in the body?

A

When a defective prions comes in contact with a normal prion it converts it into a infectious prion protein. This is all via simple contact.

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15
Q

What do prions eventually cause the cell to do?

A

Burst

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16
Q

What would you see in a deceased persons brain who was infected with prions and why?

A

Holes due to the prions bursting

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17
Q

Can prions be destroyed with heat or chemicals?

A

No

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18
Q

Are viruses cellular or non-cellular

A

Non-cellualr

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19
Q

What do viruses consist of?

A

A core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat also known as a capsid

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20
Q

What organisms do viruses infect?

A

All

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21
Q

Do viruses need to reproduce?

A

Yes

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22
Q

What shape are most viruses?

A

Shperical

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23
Q

Where can viruses only reproduce?

A

Inside a host cell

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24
Q

How do viruses invade host cells>

A
  • Piercing cells surface
  • Attaching to receptor sites and inject their genetic components
  • A cell may take a virus in via endocytosis
  • Injected genetic material will provide instructions to create new viral proteins
  • injected material may lie hidden in the host cell before becoming active
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25
What are bacteriophages?
A specific group of virsues that infect bacteria. | -they land and inject there DNA
26
What are some examples of viruses
- DNA-smallpox, herpes, warts | - RNA-hepatitis, influenza, aids
27
What does HIV attach to and attack
Helper T cells and macrophages
28
What are viroids made up of?
Short pieces of naked RNA
29
Define Bacteria
Uni-cellular organisms that are all eurkaryotic
30
What do bacteria not have?
No membrane bound organelles or a nucleus
31
What do Bacteria have structurally
- Cell wall - Single stranded chromosome - Ribosomes - Flagella
32
How do bacteria replicate?
Binary Fission
33
What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?
- Coccus (round) - Bacillus (rod) - Spirochaete (sprial)
34
What happens in binary fission?
Bacteria replicate their own DNA then split in 2 One cell divides every 20 minutes
35
What happens when bacteria is exposed to extreme conditions such as heat and dryness?
Forms a protective coating also known as a spore
36
Are all bacteria pathogens?
No some are used in the gut and others for digestion
37
How is bacteria transferred
Via mucus, food, air, contact and vectors
38
Example of bacterial disease
- Food poising | - Sore throat
39
Are bacteria cellular?
Yes
40
Are protozoa cellular?
YEs
41
What are protozoa
They are uni-cellular eurkaryotic organisms
42
How do protozoa reproduce?
Asexually or sexually
43
What are the three classes of protozoa? and give an example for each
- Flagellates-diarrhoea - Sporozoans-malaria - Amoebas
44
Are fungi unicellular or multicellular?
They can be both
45
What are the three classifications of fungi in humans
- moulds - true-yeasts - fungi -like yeasts
46
What are worms
Multi cellular and eukaryotic
47
How do worms replicate
Reproduce
48
What are arthropods?
Insects usually a vector carrying a disease
49
What are oomycetes
Pathogens which cause diseases in plants
50
Define a non-infectious disease
Diseases that cannot be transmitted from one individual to another
51
Define an infectious disease
Disease cause by another organism, can be transmitted from one organism to another
52
Define infection
The invasion and growth of harmful cellular/non-cellular agent within the body of a host
53
Define carrier
Host to a pathogen, does not expereice signs or symptoms but can trasmit diseas to others
54
Define infectious disease
Caused by the invasion and growth of a pathogen within an organism
55
Define host
the organism in or upon which a parasite feeds
56
Define prions
Abnormal and infectious pieces of proteins
57
Can all humans make prion proteins
yes all humans contain dna that can be made into prions
58
What happens when the genetic material has been injected into the cell from a viirus
Viral DNA reprograms the host cell chromosome to make many new viral copies
59
Define epedemic
rapid spread of an infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time
60
Define Pandemic
INfectious diease that has spead through human populations across a large region
61
What are virioids
Short pieces of naked RNA
62
What can bacteria produce?
toxins which can be toxic to humans
63
Define an antibiotic
Substance that destroys bacteria and other microorganisms

Biol (22 decks)

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