Hominin Evolution

Question 1

What are some ways of distinguishing mammals

Answer 1

mammary glands, hair, three middle ear bonees, teeth

Question 2

What are some features of a primate

Answer 2

Large brain for body size
five fingers with opposable thumb
flat nails
forward facing eyes

Question 3

What are the living primate groups

Answer 3

Posimians
New world monkeys
old world monkeys
apes

Question 4

Hominoids

Answer 4

Include all apes, both the great apes and the lesser apes

Question 5

Hominids

Answer 5

Include all great apes

Question 6

Hominins

Answer 6

Coollective term for all human species

Question 7

Which is the most advanced and least advanced group of today?

Answer 7

Least-Prosimians

Most-hominins humans

Question 8

What is the kinggdoms for humans

Answer 8

animalia

Question 9

Class for humans

Answer 9

Mammalia

Question 10

Order for humans

Answer 10

Primates

Question 11

Genus for humans

Answer 11

Homo

Question 12

Species for humans

Answer 12

H.sapiens

Question 13

Unique features that humans have

Answer 13

• Communciate complex behavioural patterns
• S-shaped spine for movement and balance
• Spine is attached at the base of the skull
• Arched feet for striding
• Less pronounced neck muscles
• Ability to walk in a straight line

Question 14

How have skulls evolved

Answer 14

• Larger more rounder shape
• more veritcal forehead
• less protruding jaw
• chin
• reduced size in teeth

Question 15

Why are primate fossils so rare

Answer 15

They usually live in climates in which are not ideal for fossilaisation as they live in tropical climates
-Which decay of dead organisms is common

Question 16

What are the only living members of the primate group

Answer 16

Humans

Question 17

Features of hominin evolution

Answer 17

bipedal consequences

• fully bipedal
• reduced forehead
• reduced cainines
• less body hair

Question 18

three geological periods of time

Answer 18

archean
proterozoic
phanerozoic

Question 19

what is the phanerozoic eon divded into

Answer 19

palaeozoic
mesozioc
cenozoic

Question 20

Why are humans in the phylum group?

Answer 20

because they have a backbone

Question 21

What characteristics do mammals have?

Answer 21

mammary glands
teeth : incisors, canines, molars
hair or fur on surface
three bones in the ear

Question 22

what is the order humans belong to

Answer 22

primates

Question 23

what are the characteristics of primates

Answer 23

five digits and opposable thumb
nails instead of claws
eyes facing forward
large head
long time pregnant

Question 24

how is known that we are derived from chimps

Answer 24

examining amino acid sequences for particular proteins

6million years ago

Question 25

Where are the oldest hominin fossils?

Answer 25

Africa

Question 26

What are the different types of homin fossils

Answer 26

Ardipithecus Australopithecus Paranthropus homo (only homo genus found outside of Africa )

Question 27

What are the main features on fossil evidence that shows that the animal walked upright

Answer 27

Hole for spinal cord is directly at the bottom - shinbone angle to femur - pelvis is shorter and wider - fossilised footprints

Question 28

Evolution to Homo sapiens

Answer 28

Enlargement of cranial and brain size Flattening of the face less prominence of the jaw Smaller teeth Became bipedal

Question 29

What outcome is there that hominins became bipedal

Answer 29

Spent more time on the ground hence exposed to different selective pressures than there

Question 30

How to differentiate between Australopithecus and Paranthropus

Answer 30

``` a- smaller brain size no Sagittal crest in forehead large molars p-slightly larger brain size sigittal crest in forehead HUGE molars ```

Question 31

why is a reason humans are descendants from Aus

Answer 31

jaw like structure

Question 32

What do fossils show about the way Australopithecus and Paranthropus lived?

Answer 32

- Males were bigger than females; could be due to polyamorous coupling - Size of the muscles for chewing were very large in Paranthropus this is due to haves a hard fibrous plant matter diet, the Australopithecus msucles were smaller indicating less fibrours diet - Ribcage and pelvic wideness oh Australopithecus are rather wide due to needing a large gastrointestinal tract.

Question 33

Distinguishing features of homo as a genus are

Answer 33

- Significantly higher cranial capacity - Smaller teeth - Shortening of the face

Question 34

Which were the first species to use primitive stone tools

Answer 34

homo habilis and homorudolfenis

Question 35

Explain homo erectus

Answer 35

``` Oldest found outside of Africa Migrated outside of Africa crafted more elabroate stone tools hunted systematically controlled the use of fire ```

Question 36

H.neanderthalenis

Answer 36

Found worldwide - crafed fine stone tools - made clothing

Question 37

Homo sapiens

Answer 37

Evolved 130,000 years ago in Africa - made a wide variety of stone tools - buried their dead

Question 38

Why can it be believed that homo sapiens orignated from Afirca

Answer 38

- transitional ancestral fossils | - mtDNA in modern African population show the greatest variablity

Question 39

Define Cultral Evolution

Answer 39

The persistent change across a lengthy timespan within a human species

Question 40

How is cultural evolution transmitted

Answer 40

Comminicatioin Written and Spoken language Via upbringing in home environment

Question 41

Define technological evolution

Answer 41

Refers to the persistent change in the use of technology

Question 42

How does technological evolution aid cultural

Answer 42

Enhance the rate of globalisation and the transmission of messages worldwide.