Immunity Flashcards
What is the lymphatic system comprised of?
Lymph
Lymph nodes
Lymph vessels
Define lymph fluid
Travels through a system of vessels and baths all body cells allowing them to drain into the vessels
What special feature do lymph vessels have?
They have valves which control a one way motion of fluid
Why does the lymph rely on for movement
Muscle contraction
What is the relationship between the circulatory system and the lymphatic system?
Joins up at the neck and drains into the blood stream
What is blood composed of
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
What is another name for white blood cells?
Leukocytes
What is the red of the red blood cell
To transport oxygen around the body
What is the role of the leukocytes
Cells that have specific roles in 2nd and third line of defence
Explain all three lines of defence
- Barrier to prevent the entry of the pathogens into the body
- Non-specific immune response: try to destroy every pathogen that is encountered
- Specific immune response only attack specific pathogens
What can the specific and non-specific also be known as?
Adapative and Inate
Explain the first line of defence
The first round of defence mechanism that they meet is a non-specific response which is a range of chemical and physical barriers.
NO MEMORY of the pathogen is formed after the invasion
List the chemical barriers for the first line of defence
-Acids
-Enzymes
-Mucous Membrane: traps microorganisms
-Tears
Sebum
List the physical barriers for the first line of defence
- intact skin: waterproof layer
- cilia: filter air
- nasal hairs: filter air
- hair
- ear wax: traps pathogens
- eyelashses
What are “non-self” molecules
Foregin cells or particles
What are self molecules
Molecules that belong to that particular organism
Define Antigen
A foreign substance that causes the immune system to make a specific immune response
Where are MHC markers founds?
proteins that are found on the surface of the cells membrane
Are all MHC markers the same
Determined by genes therefore each individual has their own MHC markers
What do MHC markers allow?
The body to recognise that the cell belongs to itself
What are the two classes of MHC markers and explain them
Class 1 MHC- Found on all body cells that have a nucleus
Class II MHC- Located on antigen presenting white blood cell: B and T lymphocytes
Where do all blood cells come from?
Bone marrow of the long bones in the body
What are all blood cells derived from?
Stem Cells
What is the one group of cells that do not mature in the bone marrow?
T cells leave the bone marrow and mature in the thymus