Human Intevention/Gene Cloning

Question 1

Selective breeding

Answer 1

breeder of specific animals or plants selecting which genetic specimens will contribute to the gene pool of the next generations for human gain and need.

Question 2

Outline the process of cloning

Answer 2

1. Egg from donor
2. Remove nucleus of egg
3. Inject adults cell into enucleated egg
4. The egg undergoes mitosis to form an embryo

Question 3

What are the two possible outcomes for gene cloning?

Answer 3

1. Stem cell extraction for therapeutic cloning

2. Reproductive cloning: Implantation of embryo into mothers uterus

Question 4

What is a telomere

Answer 4

A region of repetitive DNA located at he end of chromosomes.

• Protects end of chromsome from degreading and joining to others
• Shortens with each cell divison

Question 5

List three types of stem cells

Answer 5

Totipotent
Pluripotent
Multipotent

Question 6

Describe transformaion

Answer 6

Incorporation of external DNA into the genetic material oh a bacteria cell

Question 7

Describe Transfection

Answer 7

Incorporation of DNA into the genetic material of a eurkaryotic cell.

Question 8

Issues with GMO

Answer 8

1. Effect on enviro
2. loss of genetic diversity
3. genetic patents

Question 9

What is a TGO

Answer 9

Any organism that has a foreign segement of DNAartifically inserted into its genome.

Question 10

What is a GMO

Answer 10

Any organism whose genetic material has been artificially changed

Question 11

All transgenic organisms are…

Answer 11

GMOS

Question 12

What is genetic screening

Answer 12

A DNA sample from an individal is analysed to detect the presecence or absence of certain allleles assosicated with a particular disorder.

Question 13

What is gene therapy

Answer 13

Involves the insertion of a normal functioning allele into cells which only contain defective alleles of the gene.
Multiply As transfected cells undergo mitosis.

Question 14

How do medical advancnes affect evolution

Answer 14

• Allows those who would previously not of survived to reproduce
• Pass on alleles to offpsring
• Allele increases in gene pool
• Greater reliance on medicine than genetic adaptations

Question 15

How do curing disease affect evolution

Answer 15

• Major cause of human mortality

- Lead to over-use of antibiotics and harmful bacteria becoming immune

Question 16

How does living longer affect evolution

Answer 16

• Tripling in newborn life expectancy
• More children are living to ages where they can reproduce
• Linked to improvements in medicine and hygiene

Question 17

How does having children later affect evolution

Answer 17

• Increases the chance of mutation occuring in the sex cells and thus being passed onto the pffspring
• Long-term effect more heentic mutations and hence variation, will be introduced to the gene pool

Question 18

What is intentional human evolution?

Answer 18

Human beings deliberately trying to cahnge a gene pool of species

Question 19

What does the affect of cloning have?

Answer 19

reduces genetic diversity

Question 20

What is the main life-saving treatment for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 20

Gene therapy

Question 21

What are the two forms of gene therapy?

Answer 21

Germ line

Somatic

Question 22

What is your germ line?

Answer 22

Cells that are passed onto offsprings