Mutations Flashcards
What is a mutation?
A permenant change in the genetic material
Where can mutations affect
A single point in a gene or larger sections of DNA
What sort of events are mutations?
Spontaneous/random
Mutant
Individual who inherits the trait
Mutagen
Something that induces a mutaiton
What are point mutations?
Minor changes to DNA and are often called single gene mutations
What are the three types of point mutations?
Substiution
Addition
Deletion
What point mutations are the msot devastating?
Addition
Deletion
What can substitution mutations sometimes lead to?
can result in a codon that still codes for the same amino acid
Misense Mutation
A point mutation where the chance in a single nucleotide causes the substitution of a different amino acid
Nonsense mutation
Point mutation which results in a premature stop codonin transcribed mRNA
Which are the most common form of mutations?
Substitutions
what do substitution mutations involve?
Replacement of one base by another, one codon may be altered so that now it codes for one different amino acid in the protein sequence.
What is the most detremential substituion mutation
1st or 2nd base of a condon is altered
What do insertion mutations cause?
A frame shift, affecting many codons
