Inheritance Flashcards
Who created the concept of inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
What did Gregor Mendel study?
Peas
What did Gregor Mendel find in his studies?
That some traits are recessive and some are dominant
Define phenotype
A physical characteristic of an organism, which is determined by the organisms genotype as well as the environment.
Define genotype
A set of alleles possed for a particular gene or genes of an organism
When doing testing for inheritance what is good features and factors to have of the trial?
- Breed often and have lots of offspring
- Observable phenotypes
- Short lifecycle
- Produce statistically significant results
Define homozygous
If an individual contains two alleles that are coding for the same dominant or recessive trait (also known as pure breeding)
Define heterzygous
Individuals with one allele coding for the recessive trait and one allele coding for the dominant trait. Also known as hybrids)
What is complete dominance?
When a phenotype trait is completely dominant over the other trait
Why does complete dominance occur?
Enough protein being produced from a single allele for a particular phenotype, or two alleles coding for a dominant trait.
Define Dominant Trait
A trait that is expressed with a heterozygous genotype. Only a single copy of the allele is required for the traits expression
Deine Recessive Trait
Refers to a trait that is only expressed in a homozygous genotype.
Define Pure Breeding
An organism that contains two exact alleles and when crossed with it self or others like t, it will always produce an offspring with a phenotype the same.
Define Codominance
When both alleles in the genotype are expressed equally in the phenotype, resulting in both traits being exhibited
Define Incomplete Dominance
Two pure breeding parents that can have an offspring that have a blend of their parental phenotype
Define Dihybrid crosses
When two genes are crossed they can either be on the same chromosome or different
What will the test cross for a heterozygous individual result in reagrds to the ratio
1:1:1:1
When are alleles considered to be linked?
When they are on the same chromosome
Define alleles
Alternative forms of a gene
Define Chromosomes
Strand of DNA encoded of genes
Define Autosomal Recessive
A genetic condition that appears only in individuals who have recieved two copies of an autosomal gene, one from each parent
Define Autosomal Dominant
Requires only one of the affected trait in the genotype for it to be expressed in the phenotype
Define a gene
Short section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
Where are genes located?
Chromosomes
