Resp 5

Question 1

what is characterized by the excessive deposit of dense connective tissue around alveoli?

Answer 1

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 2

what is alveolar ventilation

Answer 2

volume of air entering or exiting he alveoli each minute (available for gas exchange)

Question 3

what does alveolar ventilation account for

Answer 3

dead space

Question 4

why is normal breathing the most energy efficient

Answer 4

it uses the least amount of contraction muscle

Question 5

as alveolar ventilation increases, alveolar PO2 ___________ and PCO2 ___________

Answer 5

increases
decreases

Question 6

what determines rate of O2 and CO2 diffusion between alveoli and capillaries

Answer 6

gas composition in the alveoli

Question 7

what is perfusion

Answer 7

the process of delivering fluids to tissues and organs in the body

Question 8

what two values are matched

Answer 8

ventilation and alveolar blood flow

Question 9

what is the first step of external respiration

Answer 9

bringing O2 from the atmosphere into the alveoli

Question 10

where is blood flow higher in the lung

Answer 10

highest at the base of the lung

Question 11

what is wasted ventilation

Answer 11

when one of your organs is working harder than it needs to

Question 12

where does the most change in volume and intrapleural pressure occur

Answer 12

bases of the lung where it is not expanded at all time

Question 13

where in the lung tends to stay expanded due to gravity

Answer 13

apex of the lung

Question 14

what is highest at the base of the lung? why is this important that these match?

Answer 14

Alveolar blood flow and ventilation
because they need to match to ensure efficient gas exchange (ie blood flow must be high enough to pick up available O2 and there must be enough O2 to be picked up)

Question 15

what is unique about the pulmonary arterioles regarding the autonomic system

Answer 15

there Is very little autonomic innervation

Question 16

what are pulmonary arterioles primarily influenced by

Answer 16

decreasing O2 levels around them

Question 17

what does a decrease in O2 cause within pulmonary arterioles

Answer 17

constriction of arteriole smooth muscle

Question 18

what does an increase in O2 cause within the pulmonary arterioles

Answer 18

nothing really

Question 19

where does oxygen enter the blood

Answer 19

the alveolar capillary interface

Question 20

what is hypoxia

Answer 20

too little oxygen in the body

Question 21

what is hypercapnia

Answer 21

excess CO2 in the body

Question 22

what is often paired

Answer 22

hypoxia ad hypercapnia

Question 23

is O2 water soluble

Answer 23

no

Question 24

With increased ventilation independent of changes in perfusion, PO2 in the alveoli would (blank) and PCO2 in the alveoli would (blank).

Answer 24

increase
decrease

Question 25

what sensor is for oxygen to avoid hypoxia and hypercapnia

Answer 25

ATP production

Question 26

what sensor is for carbon dioxide to avoid hypoxia and hypercapnia

Answer 26

CNS depressant/acid precursor

Question 27

what sensor is for pH to avoid hypoxia and hypercapnia

Answer 27

denaturing of protein

Question 28

what is alveolar gas exchange influenced by (3)

Answer 28

O2 reaching the alveoli Gas diffusion between alveoli and blood Adequate perfusion of alveoli

Question 29

what do systematic arterioles do in response to low O2

Answer 29

dilate

Question 30

what are the 2 causes of low alveolar PO2 assuming constant perfusion

Answer 30

inspired air has low O2 Alveolar ventilation not ventilating properly (hypoventilation)

Question 31

if perfusion is constant and hypoxia is not caused by hypoventilation or alterations in atmospheric PO2, then what is the cause of hypoxia?

Answer 31

usually lies within gas exchange between the alveoli and blood