repro 4

Question 1

Male pseudohemaphrodites:
Have female internal genitalia at birth
Have male external genitalia at birth
Lack the enzyme to convert testosterone to DHT
Lack the enzyme to convert testosterone to estradiol

Answer 1

Lack the enzyme to convert testosterone to DHT

Question 2

whats a primary sex characteristic

Answer 2

internal sexual organs and external genetalia

Question 3

what are secondary sex characteristics

Answer 3

body shape
facial hair
lowering of voice
sex drive (libido)

Question 4

what kind of hormone are androgens

Answer 4

anabolic (promoters of protein synthesis)

Question 5

what tissue is the same as a scrotum in females

Answer 5

labia majora

Question 6

what is female genitalia collectively referred to as

Answer 6

vulva

Question 7

what are the 3 separate layers of the uterus

Answer 7

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium (outer connective tissue)

Question 8

what makes up the bulk of the wall of the uterus

Answer 8

myometrium

Question 9

what layer of uterus changes

Answer 9

endometrium layers

Question 10

whats the opening of the uterus

Answer 10

cervix

Question 11

where do sperm swim all the way to

Answer 11

fallopian tubes

Question 12

how many layers of smooth muscle is in the fallopian tubes

Answer 12

2

Question 13

what are the fallopian tubes lined with

Answer 13

cilia

Question 14

are fallopian tubes directly connected to ovaries

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what grabs eggs from ovaries

Answer 15

fimbriae at the end of fallopian tube

Question 16

what are the 2 main layers of the ovary

Answer 16

medulla and thick outer cortex

Question 17

what makes up the stroma of an ovary

Answer 17

medulla and thick outer cortex

Question 18

how many primordial follicles at puberty

Answer 18

~180 000

Question 19

how early in advance do primordial follicles start developing before recruitment

Answer 19

a year in advance

Question 20

what is cell death

Answer 20

atresia

Question 21

what cells are in primordial follicles

Answer 21

pregranulosa cells

Question 22

what cells are in primary follicles

Answer 22

cuboidal granulose cells

Question 23

what cells are in secondary preantral follicles

Answer 23

theca

Question 24

what does a secondary follicle develop to become tertiary

Answer 24

antrum

Question 25

what does the antrum store

Answer 25

enzymes hormones growth factors needed for oocyte maturation

Question 26

what are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 26

follicular ovulation luteal

Question 27

what is the most variable phase of the ovarian cycle

Answer 27

follicular

Question 28

what happens during the follicular phase

Answer 28

follicular growth

Question 29

whats recruited into ovarian cycle

Answer 29

tertiary follicle

Question 30

what happens during ovulation

Answer 30

oocyte is released

Question 31

what happens during the luteal phase

Answer 31

corpus lute forms and secretes hormones

Question 32

whats the lifespan of corpus luteum

Answer 32

secretes hormones for 2 weeks, if not fertilized it just degenerates

Question 33

what day does ovulation normally occur

Answer 33

14

Question 34

a follicle contains a __________ oocyte until 16-24 hours before ovulation

Answer 34

primary oocyte

Question 35

what drives the first meiotic division in females

Answer 35

LH surge

Question 36

what cells make up the corpus luteum

Answer 36

granulosa and theca

Question 37

what initiates menstruation

Answer 37

corpus luteum degenerating

Question 38

The cells that primarily regulate spermatogenesis are the: Epididymal cells Leydig cells Ductal cells Sertoli cells

Answer 38

Sertoli cells

Question 39

what are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle

Answer 39

menses proliferative phase secretory phase

Question 40

what does menses correspond with in the ovarian cycle

Answer 40

beginning of follicular

Question 41

what does the proliferative phase correspond with in ovarian cycle

Answer 41

end of follicular phase

Question 42

what happens during the proliferative phase

Answer 42

uterus adds new cells to the endometrium layer in anticipation of pregnancy

Question 43

what happens during the secretory phase

Answer 43

converting of thickened endometrium into a secretory structure

Question 44

what layer is lost during menses

Answer 44

endometrium

Question 45

whats the primary hormone in the proliferative phase

Answer 45

estrogen

Question 46

whats the primary hormone in the secretory phase

Answer 46

progesterone (and a little bit of estrogen)

Question 47

what phase would thicker mucus be produced from cervix

Answer 47

secretory

Question 48

what drives the growth of endometrium (what hormone) during the proliferative phase

Answer 48

estrogen

Question 49

how many days is proliferative phase

Answer 49

5-15

Question 50

how many days is the secretory phase

Answer 50

15-28

Question 51

what hormones does an ovary produce

Answer 51

estrogen progesterone inhibin AMH

Question 52

whats the role of AMH being produced from ovary

Answer 52

prevents too many follicles from entering the monthly cycle

Question 53

who is inhibin released

Answer 53

secretory phase

Question 54

what does FSH stimulate

Answer 54

granulosa cells

Question 55

what does LH stimulate

Answer 55

theca cells

Question 56

what do theca cells produce

Answer 56

androgens

Question 57

what happens to androgens produced by thecal cells

Answer 57

diffuse into granulosa cells and acts on converting androstenedione to estrogen

Question 58

where is AMH released from (cell)

Answer 58

granulosa cells

Question 59

where does estrogen provide positive feedback to ? why?

Answer 59

granulosa cells to amplify follicular growth and hormone production

Question 60

whats the primary estrogen that exists in females

Answer 60

estradiol

Question 61

When sperm are released from sertoli cells, they are completely mature True False

Answer 61

false

Question 62

when does estrogen release peak from follicles

Answer 62

late follicular and ovulation

Question 63

why might granulosa cells secrete inhibin

Answer 63

to provide negative feedback to FSH to suppress the growth of new follicles and focus on the dominant follicle

Question 64

does FSH or LH surge more? and why?

Answer 64

LH surges more because FSH has inhibin negative feedback

Question 65

when does ovulation occur

Answer 65

16-24 hours after LH peak

Question 66

what hormone is necessary for oocyte maturation

Answer 66

LH

Question 67

when does the first meiotic division happen

Answer 67

ovulation

Question 68

what do mature follicles secrete to break down wall of follicle/ovary

Answer 68

prostaglandins proteolytic enzymes

Question 69

__________ oocyte is swept into fallopian tube by fimbriae

Answer 69

secondary

Question 70

whats released from ovary

Answer 70

secondary oocyte