Renal 6

Question 1

what does the loop of henle act as

Answer 1

a countercurrent multiplier

Question 2

when causes water movement out of the collecting duct

Answer 2

the high solute (osmolarity) within the medullary interstitium

Question 3

what Is the countercurrent heat exchanger

Answer 3

exchange of heat/solutes when they run in opposite direction in close proximity

Question 4

what contributes to the countercurrent exchange system (2)

Answer 4

counter current heat exchange
urea

Question 5

what nephron’s are involved in the renal countercurrent exchange system

Answer 5

juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 6

what removes the water that leaves the loop of henle

Answer 6

vasa recta

Question 7

what is the countercurrent multiplier

Answer 7

the loop of henle that is responsible for creating the high osmolarity gradient in the medulla (creates the hypertonic interstitium)

Question 8

whats the countercurrent exchanger

Answer 8

the vasa recta that is responsible for preventing the washout (dilution) of the hypertonic interstitium

Question 9

where does 25% of reabsorption happen for Na and K

Answer 9

ascending limb of loop

Question 10

what is the target of loop diuretic drugs for treatments of hypertension and edema

Answer 10

NKCC transporter

Question 11

what transporter moves Na, K and 2 Cl into epithelial cells

Answer 11

NKCC

Question 12

why doesn’t the water entering gate interstitium via the descending limb dilute the hyper osmotic medulla

Answer 12

vasa recta removes water and carries it away

Question 13

what creates the hyperosmotic blood in the vasa recta

Answer 13

the vasa recta picks up solute

Question 14

Increased osmolarity in the body will (blank) vasopressin secretion leading to (blank) reabsorption of water.

Answer 14

increased, increased

Question 15

about half of the solute in the medulla interstitium is what solute

Answer 15

urea

Question 16

why is urea constantly recycled

Answer 16

contributes to the excess solute In the interstitial space

Question 17

where is a large amount of urea reabsorbed

Answer 17

distal portion of the nephron

Question 18

is there always vasopressin circulating

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

what is the normal ECF volume

Answer 19

14L

Question 20

what is responsible for the most Na excretion

Answer 20

kidneys

Question 21

is Cl movement regulated

Answer 21

no it just follows through the electrochemical gradient

Question 22

where is aldosterone secreted from

Answer 22

adrenal cortex

Question 23

what does aldosterone help do

Answer 23

control Na reabsorption (and K secretion)

Question 24

what system does the regulation of blood Na

Answer 24

renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Question 25

where does aldosterone target

Answer 25

last third of the distal tubule and beginning of collecting duct

Question 26

what does aldosterone binding do

Answer 26

1. speed up transporters on apical membrane 2. hormone ligand complex translocate into nucleus to start creating more transport channels

Question 27

whats the cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor called

Answer 27

mineralocorticoid receptor

Question 28

whats the main activator of aldosterone secretion

Answer 28

decreased blood pressure

Question 29

what acts directly on the adrenal cortex to inhibit release of aldosterone

Answer 29

high osmolarity

Question 30

abnormally large drops in plasma Na can directly stimulate ___________ secretion

Answer 30

aldosterone

Question 31

what is the renin angiotensin system for

Answer 31

maintaining blood pressure