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BMSC 208 > GI 1 > Flashcards

GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

whats the common passage for food and air

A

pharynx

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2
Q

what are the accessory glands of the digestive system (3)

A

liver
gallbladder
pancreas

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3
Q

define digestion

A

mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

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4
Q

what is chewing called

A

mastication

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5
Q

what digests polysaccharides

A

amylase enzyme

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6
Q

what are the three salivary glands

A

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

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7
Q

where Is the parotid gland ?

A

closest to ear/jaw bone

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8
Q

where Is sublingual gland

A

right under mouth

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9
Q

where is the submandibular gland

A

closest to throat
bottom of chin

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10
Q

what is between each organ

A

sphincters

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11
Q

what organ has “2” sphincters

A

esophagus

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12
Q

what is the top 1/3 of esophagus

A

skeletal muscle

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13
Q

what is the bottom 2/3 of esophagus

A

smooth muscle

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14
Q

how does the esophagus move food

A

via peristaltic waves

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15
Q

what are the three parts of the stomach (top to bottom)

A

fundus
body
antrum

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16
Q

what sphincter separates the intestines from stomach

A

pylorus valve

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17
Q

what is food mixed with acid and enzymes called

A

chyme

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18
Q

where does the majority of digestion take place

A

small intestine/ duodenum

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19
Q

how much fluid enters the small intestine each day

A

9L

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20
Q

whats the order of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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21
Q

how long is the duodenum

A

25 cm

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22
Q

how long Is the jejunum

A

120 cm

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23
Q

how long is the ileum

A

140 cm

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24
Q

where do the liver and pancreas release stuff into

A

the duodenum

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25
is the small intestine or large intestine longer
small
26
how long is the large intestine
150 cm
27
whats the order of the names in large intestine (4)
ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon
28
what sphincter is between the small intestine and large intestine
ileocecal sphincter
29
how much watery chyme passes through the large intestine each day
1.5L
30
what triggers the defecation reflex
feces entering the terminal section of the large intestine (rectum)
31
what are the 4 layers of the GI (lumen out)
mucosa submucosa muscularis externa serosa
32
what are the 2 things in the enteric nervous system
submucosal plexus myenteric plexus
33
what does the submucosal plexus contribute to the enteric nervous system
it interacts with mucosa
34
what does the myenteric plexus contribute to the enteric nervous system
influences muscle
35
what is the enteric nervous system and where is it
it is a nervous system that can function by itself without input its within the walls of the GI tract
36
what is within the mucosa of the stomach (3)
epithelium lamina propria muscularis muscosae
37
what are rugae
gastric folds within the stomach that give it room to expand
38
where are gastric glands
stomach
39
where does the majority of digestion occur
small intestine
40
what is within the mucosa of the small intestine
villi crypt
41
what do vili look like
fingers
42
what do crypts contain
secretory cells
43
what does plicae do and what are they
they are large folds within the small intestine that allow it to expand
44
what is most variable within the GI tract
epithelium
45
what does the epithelium contain
transporting epithelial cells endocrine and exocrine secretory cells
46
where are junctions very tight? how about very leaky?
tight - stomach and colon leaky - small intestine
47
why does the small intestine have leaky junctions
lots of transportation
48
do GI cells have a short lifespan
yes
49
what does the lamina propria contain
tissue that contains small blood vessels and lymph vessels
50
what is the muscularis mucosae
thin layer of smooth muscle that can alter the surface area for absorption
51
what is the submucosa
middle layer containing larger vessels and the submucosal plexus
52
what is the submucosal plexus
one of the major nerve networks in the enteric nervous system
53
whats the main GI smooth muscle layer
muscularis externa
54
what is the muscularis externa?
2 or 3 layers of smooth muscle
55
what does the muscularis externa contain
circular muscle longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus
56
what do the muscles in the muscularis externa do (2)
circular decreases diameter longitudinal shortens tube
57
what is the myenteric plexus
within the muscularis externa and is a second nerve network in ENS
58
where is the myenteric plexus located (specifically)
in between circular and longitudinal muscle
59
what is the serosa
outer covering of connective tissue
60
what does the serosa contain? what do they do?
sheets of mesentery they hold intestine in place
61
define motility
the movement of material through the GI tract as a result of muscle contraction
62
define secretion In GI tract
movement of material from ECF to lumen or Cells into lumen
63
what are the 3 challenges of the digestive system
avoiding autodigestion mass balance defense
64
what is defence as a challenge of the digestive system
absorbing water and nutrients but preventing bacteria from entering
65
where are 80% of lymphocytes
small intestine
66
do we secrete more than we ingest for liquid
yes
67
what glands release saliva
exocrine glands
68
what does mucus do
protect GI cells and lubricate the contents
69
what are cells that produce mucus in stomach and salivary cells called
mucus cells
70
what are cells that produce mucus called in small intestine
goblet cells
71
what are the 3 paths of digestive enzymes
packaged into secretory vesicles remain bound to apical membrane released in an inactive form (zymogen)
72
where are enzymes that prefer acidic conditions
stomach
73
where are enzymes that prefer an alkaline condition
small intestine

BMSC 208 (32 decks)

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