repro 3

Question 1

Regarding female gametes, which of the following statements is NOT true
One of the largest cells in the body
Cyclically released throughout the females life (puberty-death)
non-motile cells
Females are born with all their primary oocytes

Answer 1

Cyclically released throughout the females life (puberty-death)

Question 2

what stimulates GnRH neurons to release GnRH

Answer 2

pulsatile activity in kisspeptin neurons

Question 3

when is GnRH secreted

Answer 3

during development and then again during puberty

Question 4

how is GnRH released and from where

Answer 4

pulsatile from the hypothalamus

Question 5

what does pulsatile activity in kisspeptin neurons do

Answer 5

stimulates GnRH neurons to release GnRH

Question 6

where are gonadotropes located

Answer 6

anterior pituitary

Question 7

why must GnRH be released in a pulsatile manner

Answer 7

constant delivery of GnRH leads to desensitization of receptors in pituitary gonadotropes

Question 8

what would a GnRH defect lead to in children

Answer 8

children not maturing sexually because gonads wouldn’t be stimulated

Question 9

why might the female reproductive cycle be easier to study

Answer 9

because bleeding during menstrual cycle can be monitored

Question 10

what can environmental estrogens do

Answer 10

bind and activate estrogen receptors

Question 11

external genitalia for males (2)

Answer 11

penis
scrotum

Question 12

whats considered external genitalia in the penis (4)

Answer 12

urethra
corpus spongiosum
corpora cavernosa
glans

Question 13

whats the most important tissue for erection

Answer 13

corpora cevernosa

Question 14

what tissue holds the urethra open during erection

Answer 14

corpus spongiosum

Question 15

what is foreskin called

Answer 15

prepuce

Question 16

why are testes outside the body

Answer 16

they require 2-3 F lower than normal to produce sperm

Question 17

what is failure of testes dropping called

Answer 17

cryptorchidism

Question 18

what are the internal genitalia accessory glands that contribute to secretions into semen (3)

Answer 18

seminal vesicle
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland

Question 19

whats the order from testes out of body?

Answer 19

testes
epididymis
vas deferens
urethra

Question 20

where do the seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and bulbourethral gland secrete into

Answer 20

the urethra

Question 21

what is the relation between the scrotum and testes

Answer 21

external sac testes migrate into

Question 22

whats the prostate

Answer 22

a tissue that continuously grows throughout a males life

Question 23

whats the most common form of cancer in men

Answer 23

prostate

Question 24

what is excessive prostate growth called

Answer 24

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Question 25

whats involved in prostate development

Answer 25

DHT

Question 26

what drug is administered for prostate cancer sometimes

Answer 26

finasteride

Question 27

what does finasteride do

Answer 27

5a-reductase inhibitor that blocks DHT production

Question 28

what is finasteride mostly used for now

Answer 28

hair growth

Question 29

whats the size of a testis

Answer 29

ovoid structure ~2.5 x 5cm

Question 30

where does sperm production takes place (specifically)

Answer 30

seminiferous tubule

Question 31

what is the seminiferous tubule

Answer 31

coiled tube in testes where sperm production takes place

Question 32

what takes up 80% of testicular mass

Answer 32

seminiferous tubules

Question 33

what lays between seminiferous tubules

Answer 33

interstitial tissue and leydig cells

Question 34

whats the primary cell of seminiferous tubule

Answer 34

Sertoli cells

Question 35

Complete meiosis of one germ cell results in production of: four viable gametes one viable gamete four viable gametes if male, one if female

Answer 35

four viable gametes if male, one if female

Question 36

what creates the blood testis barrier

Answer 36

basal lamina tight junctions

Question 37

what is the blood testis barrier between

Answer 37

tubule lumen and interstitial space

Question 38

what regulates sperm development

Answer 38

Sertoli cells

Question 39

what are Sertoli cells also known as

Answer 39

sustentacular cells

Question 40

what do Sertoli cells do for sperm

Answer 40

provide hormones, growth factors, enzymes, and androgen binding protein

Question 41

what hormones do Sertoli cells release (3)

Answer 41

activin inhibin androgen binding protein

Question 42

what does androgen binding protein do in Sertoli cells

Answer 42

binds to testosterone to keep it in the tubule lumen

Question 43

where do germ cells (spermatogonium) reside in

Answer 43

just inside the basal lamina of seminiferous tubules

Question 44

as spermocytes differentiate to sperm, they move ______ the tubule lumen

Answer 44

towards

Question 45

at the lumen, sperm are:

Answer 45

spermatids

Question 46

what are the 3 parts of sperm

Answer 46

tail, mid piece, head

Question 47

what produces ATP in sperm (has the mitochondria)

Answer 47

midpiece

Question 48

how long does it take to go from spermatogonium to free sperm

Answer 48

~64 days

Question 49

where completes maturation process of sperm

Answer 49

epididymis (10-12 days)

Question 50

are sperm released from Sertoli cells before reaching maturity

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

what does spermatogenesis require (2)

Answer 51

gonadotropins testosterone

Question 52

what were gonadotrophins originally named for

Answer 52

their effect on female ovaries

Question 53

in males, where does FSH bind

Answer 53

Sertoli cells

Question 54

what does inhibin released by Sertoli cells do

Answer 54

inhibits the anterior pituitary in releasing FSH

Question 55

what does FSH do for Sertoli cells

Answer 55

stimulates them to support spermatogenesis

Question 56

if male, where does LH target

Answer 56

interstitial leydig cells

Question 57

what does LH do to interstitial leydig cells

Answer 57

makes them produce testosterone

Question 58

do spermatocytes have receptors for FSH, LH, or androgens

Answer 58

no

Question 59

whats the main hormone of the male reproduction to do negative feedback

Answer 59

testosterone

Question 60

what are the accessory gland secretions (5)

Answer 60

nutrients buffers chemicals prostaglandins immunoglobulins (antibacterial compounds)

Question 61

what are prostaglandins for

Answer 61

motility and contraction of male and female reproductive tracts

Question 62

GnRH: Is released from the anterior pituitary Is secreted in a pulsatile manner delays sexual maturity and puberty acts on the gonads None of the above

Answer 62

is secreted in a pulsatile manner