Resp 2

Question 1

what is gas flow caused by

Answer 1

a pressure gradient

Question 2

what is sea level atmospheric pressure

Answer 2

760 mmHg

Question 3

what are the 2 most common gases in the atmosphere

Answer 3

nitrogen and oxygen

Question 4

what is daltons law

Answer 4

the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressure exerted by each gas

Question 5

what does partial pressure refer to

Answer 5

a single gas pressure

Question 6

what is the relationship between flow and resistance

Answer 6

they are inversely proportional

Question 7

what drives ventilation and the movement of airflow (bulk flow)

Answer 7

alveolar pressure

Question 8

what happens to alveolar pressure during inspiration

Answer 8

it drops below atmospheric pressure and air flows down the gradient into our alveoli

Question 9

what happens to alveolar pressure during expiration

Answer 9

alveolar pressure exceeds pressure in capillaries , and air flows into capillaries

Question 10

what is Boyles law

Answer 10

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 11

how do we change alveolar pressure

Answer 11

by changing volume

Question 12

what is the relationship between pressure and volume

Answer 12

they are inversely proportional

Question 13

what is ventilation defined as

Answer 13

the bulk flow exchange of air between the atmosphere and the alveoli

Question 14

For air to move into the lungs alveolar volume needs to (blank) causing pressure in the alveoli to (blank)

Answer 14

increase, decrease

Question 15

what is tidal volume?
how much is it usually?

Answer 15

the amount of air that enters or exits the lungs during quiet breathing

500 ml

Question 16

what is the total pulmonary ventilation

Answer 16

the volume that enters and exits in 1 min

TV x frequency of breaths

Question 17

what is the inspiratory reserve volume?

how much is it usually?

Answer 17

the additional air that could still be inspired after quiet respiration

3000 ml

Question 18

what is the expiratory reserve volume?
how much is it usually?

Answer 18

the volume of air that still remains in your lungs at the end of quiet expiration

1100 ml

Question 19

what is the residual volume?

how much is it usually?

Answer 19

the volume that remains in the lungs even after the expiratory reserve volume (because the lungs can never be fully emptied)

1200 ml

Question 20

why can’t the lungs be completely emptied? (2)

Answer 20

• prevents airway collapse
• allows continuous exchange of gases

Question 21

what are the 4 primary volumes that do not overlap (primary volumes)

Answer 21

tidal volume
inspiratory reserve volume
expiratory reserve volume
residual volume

Question 22

what is the total lung capacity

Answer 22

the sum of all 4 primary volumes

Question 23

what is the functional residue capacity

Answer 23

the TOTAL volume of air remaining in the lungs after quiet breathing

Question 24

what is the inspiratory capacity

Answer 24

the maximal TOTAl amount of air that can be inspired after quiet expiration

Question 25

what is the vital capacity

Answer 25

maximal achievable air moved with a single breath everything - residual volume

Question 26

what is the pulmonary function test

Answer 26

a test that tests an individuals forced vital capacity and comparing it to their forced expired volume in one second

Question 27

what is low initial FVC indicative of

Answer 27

restrictive pulmonary disease (decreased lung compliance)

Question 28

what percentage is FEV1 usually of vital capacity

Answer 28

about 80%

Question 29

what is below 80% of FEV1 indicative of

Answer 29

obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 30

why does air flow during ventilation

Answer 30

pressure gradients

Question 31

when does inspiration occur

Answer 31

when alveoli pressure decreases

Question 32

what are our inspiration muscles (smooth or skeletal)

Answer 32

skeletal

Question 33

what is 60-75% of inspiratory volume change due to

Answer 33

diaphragm

Question 34

what is attached to the sternum and causes the pump handle motion during inspiration

Answer 34

external intercostals of upper ribs and scalenes

Question 35

what muscles create the bucket handle motion

Answer 35

external intercostals in lower ribs

Question 36

do internal intercostals control inspiration or expiration

Answer 36

expiration

Question 37

do external intercostals control inspiration or expiration

Answer 37

inspiration

Question 38

when does expiration occur

Answer 38

when alveolar pressure increases

Question 39

what kind of breathing is passive

Answer 39

quiet expiration

Question 40

why is quiet expiration passive

Answer 40

it is caused by the relaxation of inspiratory muscles