Resp 2 Part 2

Question 1

When in an upright position, 
there is a -- mmHg 
difference in pulmonary 
arterial pressure from the 
apex to the base of the lung.  
Due to ---!

Answer 1

23

gravity

Question 2

Lung is divided into 3 zones: (3)

Answer 2

– Zone 1:  most superior 
(apex of lung) 
– Zone 2:  middle
– Zone 3:  inferior (base of 
lung)

Question 3

Zone 3 (at Base) has the 
highest

Answer 3

hydrostatic
pressure and thus the
highest blood flow per
alveolus.

Question 4

--- increases 
blood flow to all 
zones of the lung, 
though the bottom 
of the lung still 
receives the most 
blood flow.

Answer 4

Exercise

Question 5

The hydrostatic pressure of the blood inside of the capillaries
(Pa) favors

Answer 5

filtration (and keeps the vessel open).

Question 6

The tissue pressure (largely based on alveolar air pressure–
PALV) outside of the capillary

Answer 6

opposes filtration and favors

vessel collapse.

Question 7

Only the (3) (alveolar vessels) are altered by PA.

Answer 7

capillaries &
smallest of the arterioles &
venules

Question 8

Zone 1: (2)

Answer 8

Pa is lower than PA.

Capillaries are compressed.

Question 9

Zone 1: (2)

Answer 9

Pa is lower than PA.

Capillaries are compressed.

Question 10

If Pa drops (hemorrhage) or PA increases
(positive pressure breathing), a greater
potion of the lung is converted to

Answer 10

Zone 1

Question 11

Zone 2: (2)

Answer 11

Higher Pa (due to gravity) means that Pa is higher than PA during
systole.
During diastole Pa will drop lower than PA. Thus blood flow is
intermittent.

Question 12

Zone 3:

Answer 12

Highest Pa (due to gravity). Region of continuous blood flow because Pa remains higher than PA during both systole and blood flow

Question 13

• Exercise converts

Answer 13

Zone 2 into Zone 3 blood flow.

Question 14

• When in the supine position, the lungs have mostly Zone – blood flow because the – gradient is reduced .

Answer 14

2

gravity

Question 15

Ventilation (V)/Perfusion (Q) Match

Answer 15

– Index of the match between air flow (alveolar

ventilation-V) & pulmonary blood flow (perfusion-Q)

Question 16

Normal Whole Lung V/Q is 0.8 which means there is

more _________ flow than _________ flow.

Answer 16

blood

air

Question 17

In a normal individual, the apex of the lung has a —

V/Q than the rest of the lung.

Answer 17

higher

Question 18

As one moves from Zone 1 to Zone 3, there is a

— — in ventilation than blood flow.

Answer 18

slower increase

Question 19

Fast, shallow breaths in upright position cause V/Q mismatch
because

Answer 19

air flows to upper lobes and blood to lower lobes.

Question 20

Alveoli at the base of the
lungs receives more
— than those in
the apex.

Answer 20

ventilation

Question 21

The pulmonary capillaries at
the base on the lungs receive
more — — than those in
the apex.

Answer 21

blood flow

Question 22

Base of Lung: V/Q ratio

Answer 22

<1.0

Overall the base receives more blood flow
(perfusion) than ventilation.

Question 23

Response to V/Q Mismatch (2)

Answer 23

These are negative feedback responses!
The respiratory & circulatory systems are working to deliver air and blood
to the same portions of the respiratory membrane.

Question 24

If VENTILATION is limited, 
• V/Q is \_\_\_\_
• Thus O2 is \_\_\_ & CO2 is 
\_\_\_
• Smooth muscles in the 
\_\_\_\_ constrict

Answer 24

decrease
decrease
increase
vaso

Question 25

f PERFUSION is limited,
• V/Q is ____
• Thus O2 is ___ & CO2 is ___
• Smooth muscles in the ____ constrict

Answer 25

increase
increase
decrease
BV

Question 26

Blood traverses pulmonary capillaries in —
seconds and gas exchange must occur during this
time frame

Answer 26

0.3 -0.8

Question 27

Fluid Filtration (F) is determined by (2)

Answer 27

Hydrostatic

Fluid Forces and Capillary and Interstitial Colloid

Question 28

Fluid exchange also occurs as dictated by

Answer 28

Starling’s Forces

Question 29

Hydrostatic Pressures (2)

Answer 29

• Capillary Pressure (Pc)

* Interstitial Fluid Pressure (Pif)

Question 30

Osmotic Pressures (2)

Answer 30

• Plasma Colloid Osmotic
Pressure (p)
• Interstitial Fluid Colloid Osmotic
Pressure (if)

Question 31

Filtration Pressures (Total = – mmHg)

Answer 31

29

Question 32

Capillary Pressure (Pc) =

Answer 32

7 mmHg

Question 33

Interstitial Fluid Pressure (Pif) =

Answer 33

-8 mmHg (use the absolute

value; the negative just tells you it is a filtration pressure)

Question 34

Interstitial Colloid Osmotic Pressure (if) =

Answer 34

14 mm Hg

Question 35

Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure (p) =

Answer 35

28 mmHg

Question 36

filtration pressures (3)

Answer 36

• Capillary Pressure (Pc) = 7 mmHg
• Interstitial Fluid Pressure (Pif) = -8 mmHg (use the absolute
value; the negative just tells you it is a filtration pressure)
• Interstitial Colloid Osmotic Pressure (if) = 14 mm Hg

Question 37

absorption pressures (1)

Answer 37

• Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure (p) = 28 mmHg

Question 38

More negative than peripheral

interstitium—

Answer 38

GOOD since favors

fluid filtration from alveoli, too.

Question 39

Normal filtration forces are greater

than the absorptive forces by —, so there is a

Answer 39

+1 mmHg (29-28)

slight
continual flow of fluid from the
pulmonary capillaries into the
interstitial spaces.

Question 40

Fluid that leaves the capillaries is (2)

Answer 40

absorbed by
lymphatic circulation and returned to the
circulation

Question 41

With a healthy respiratory and circulatory system,

— is maintained

Answer 41

balance

Question 42

The balance of pulmonary capillary and interstitial
hydrostatic and colloid pressures can be disrupted
resulting in

Answer 42

pulmonary edema (large increases in 
net capillary filtration)

Question 43

Pulmonary edema can occur with (3)

Answer 43

left sided heart failure,
mitral valve stenosis,
damage to pulmonary capillary membranes, etc.