Resp 1 Part 2

Question 1

Measurements of Expiratory Flow:
These are important measurements because they

Used to test for

Answer 1

reflect air flow within
large airways.

increased airway resistance.

Question 2

Forced Vital Capacity (FVC):

Answer 2

Volume of air forcibly

expired after maximal inhalation. ~5 L

Question 3

Forced Expiration Volume 1 (FEV1):

Answer 3

Fraction of FVC

expired during the first second.

Question 4

Normal FEV1/FVC =

Answer 4

0.8 (80%)

Question 5

FEV1 reflects

Answer 5

flow in large airways

Question 6

FEV1 is

Answer 6

80

Question 7

Eupnea

Answer 7

Normal quiet breathing

Question 8

Hyperpnea

Answer 8

Increased rate or volume due to
higher metabolism

Exercise

Question 9

Hyperventilation

Answer 9

Increased rate or volume w/o
increased metabolism

Emotions; blowing up a
balloon

Question 10

Hypoventilation

Answer 10

Decreased alveolar ventilation

Shallow breathing;
asthma; restrictive lung
disease

Question 11

Tachypnea

Answer 11

Rapid breathing rate (usually with
decreased depth)

Panting

Question 12

Dyspnea

Answer 12

Difficulty breathing; air hunger

Various pathologies or
hard exercise

Question 13

Normal, quiet breathing takes —% of total body energy

Answer 13

3-5

Question 14

The energy requirement

will significantly increase if a patient has a respiratory condition that alters

Answer 14

compliance/elasticity and/or resistance

Question 15

Pulmonary patients may require a

Answer 15

50-fold

increase in the amount of energy required to fuel adequate ventilation.

Question 16

OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES
• Due to — Airway
Resistance

Answer 16

increase

Question 17

OBSTRUCTIVE DISEASES

examples (4)

Answer 17

– Asthma
– Emphysema
– Bronchitis
– Cystic Fibrosis

Question 18

obstructive diseases
Primarily impacts —.
Individuals with obstructive
diseases will breathe (2)

Answer 18

expiration

slow and deep

Question 19

RESTRICTIVE DISEASES
Due to — Lung
Compliance

Answer 19

decrease

Question 20

RESTRICTIVE DISEASES

example

Answer 20

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 21

RESTRICTIVE DISEASES
Primarily impacts —
Individuals with restrictive diseases
will breathe (2)

Answer 21

inspiration

fast and shallow.

Question 22

Obstructive Disease: Atopic Asthma

Answer 22

IgE Mediated -Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction
An allergen leads to an inflammatory response that causes
bronchospasms that obstruct airflow. Chronic inflammation can
lead to impaired mucociliary response, edema and increased
airway responsiveness.

Question 23

Atopic Asthma tx options (2)

Answer 23

Quick-relief medications:
β2 agonists,
anticholinergic agents,
etc.

Long-term medications:
inhaled corticosteroids,
long-acting
bronchodilators, etc.

Question 24

Nonatopic Asthma can occur

with (7)

Answer 24

respiratory infections, 
exercise, 
hyperventilation, 
cold air, 
inhaled irritants, 
aspirin and 
other NSAIDS

Question 25

Obstructive Disease: Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 25

Autosomal recessive disorder resulting in defective chloride ion transport (mutation in CFTR ion channel) that results in an abnormally thick mucus that obstructs airways.

Question 26

Cystic Fibrosis tx options (4)

Answer 26

``` • Antibiotics • Chest Physical Therapy (percussion and postural drainage) • Mucolytic agents • Pancreatic enzyme replacement ```

Question 27

CF lungs are prone to infection. Eventually permanent colonization of airways is established and organisms become

Answer 27

more and more antibiotic resistant as patients are on long-term antibiotic therapy.

Question 28

Obstructive Disease: Emphysema

Answer 28

Destruction of elastic fibers & enlargement of airspaces due to destruction of airspace walls.

Question 29

Emphysema leads to (3)

Answer 29

(1) Airway collapse which increase R and decrease F (2) Damage to alveolar membrane so decrease gas exchange. (3) decrease Elasticity and increase Compliance

Question 30

Restrictive Respiratory Diseases

Answer 30

Any pulmonary problem that limits lung | expansion (decreased lung compliance)

Question 31

Restrictive Respiratory Diseases: | Tissue injury leads to

Answer 31

chronic inflammation and the normal architecture of the lungs is disrupted and is replaced with scar tissue/fibrosis (the collagen fibers decrease lung compliance)

Question 32

Restrictive Respiratory Diseases: Low compliance Patient finds it much more difficult to ---

Answer 32

inhale

Question 33

Restrictive Respiratory Diseases: | Work of breathing increases

Answer 33

Patient breathes fast and shallow. Because shallow breaths decrease alveolar ventilation there is decrease gas exchange. Includes: Pulmonary Fibrosis (idiopathic, drug- induced, environmental), pneumonia, pulmonary

Question 34

Restrictive Respiratory Diseases: | signs and symptoms (3)

Answer 34

```  Increased respiratory rate  Chronic cough (dry, non- productive)  Polycythemia due to hypoxia ```