Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology > Renal 2 > Flashcards

Renal 2 Flashcards

1
Q 
skipped
Renal Functions (8)
A

 Regulation of water and electrolyte balance
 Regulation of arterial pressure
 Regulation of solute concentrations
(osmolarity).
 Excretion of metabolic waste products and
foreign chemicals.
 Erythropoiesis via Erythropoietin
 Regulation of acid-base balance.
 Regulation of active vitamin D (calcitriol)
production:
 Gluconeogenesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Regulation of water and electrolyte balance

A
  • Output = Input
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Regulation of arterial pressure (2)

A
  • Vascular resistance, Circulating volume

- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, AVP/ADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Excretion of metabolic waste products and

foreign chemicals. (2)

A
  • Urea, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin…

- Drugs, pesticides, food additives…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Regulation of active vitamin D (calcitriol)

production: (2)

A
  • Calcium homeostasis

- Dynamic bone structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Kidney will increase or decrease
— rate of a substance to match
input

A

excretion

Ex. 10x increase Na+ intake leads to
compensatory increase Na+ excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Small period of time between (2)

A

disturbance and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two kidneys –

A

Retroperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

size of kidneys

A

fist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two Major Regions of kidney

A

– Cortex

– Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Medulla Composed of (2)

A
  • Renal pyramids

- Renal Columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Renal Pyramids (3)

A
  • Contain Nephrons (Functional
    Unit) – produce urine
  • Border of Cortex/Medulla
  • Papilla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Urine dumped into (6)

A

Minor
Calyx  Major Calyx Renal
Pelvis  Ureter  Urinary
Bladder  Micturition Reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ureter walls contain

A

smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ureters exhibit

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exhibit peristalsis (2)

A
  • Calyces stretched by urine
  • Initiates peristaltic wave that
    flows through pelvis, along
    ureter to bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Autonomic Nerves can alter

peristalsis (2)

A
  • Parasympathetic enhances
    peristalsis
  • Sympathetic decreases
    peristalsis.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ureters enter Bladder through

A 
Detruser Muscle (smooth 
muscle)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Enter Bladder through Detruser Muscle (smooth

muscle) (2)

A
  • Muscle tone compresses ureter and prevents
    black flow of urine during micturition
  • Peristaltic wave increase pressure within ureter,
    opening ureter lumen, allowing urine to flow into
    bladder.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Vesicoureteral Reflux (3)

A
  • Backflow of urine into ureter
  • Enlargement of ureters
  • Increase pressure and damage to renal
    pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ureters and pain innervation

A

rich pain innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ureterorenal reflex (3)

A
  • Ureters blocked (ex. Ureteral stone)
  • Reflex to reduce RBF and urine formation
  • Protective
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Visceral sensory neurons detect

A

degree of bladder stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parasympathetic neurons stimulate (2)

A

contraction of detrusor

muscle and relaxation of Internal Sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pudendal nerve =

A

somatic motor neurons controlling External

Sphincter

26
Q

Sympathetic neurons control

A

bladder blood vessels

27
Q 
Micturition Reflex – Spinal Reflex
 --- Reflex
 Stimulus = 
 Reflex Receptor = 
 Afferent = 
 IC = 
 Efferent = 
 Effector = 
 Effector Response:
- Local = 
- Systemic = 
 Feedback =
A 
 Stretch Reflex
 Stimulus = bladder stretch
 Reflex Receptor = Stretch 
receptors in bladder wall
 Afferent = Visceral Sensory
 IC = Spinal Cord (Spinal 
Reflex)
 Efferent = 
Parasympathetic
 Effector = Detrusor 
Smooth Muscle
 Effector Response:
- Local = Contraction
- Systemic = Stretch
 Feedback = Positive
28
Q

Smooth muscle relaxes to keep

— pressure relatively constant

A

tonic

29
Q

Micturition Reflex (cont.)
After time (sec. to min.) reflex (2), and
bladder –

A

fatigues and ceases

relaxes

30
Q

If bladder not emptied, reflex

remains

A

inhibited (min to hours)

and then occurs again

31
Q

Frequency and power of
contractions — as
bladder fills

A

increases

32
Q

Once powerful enough, inhibits — to override
voluntary control; allows urine
to —

A

Pudenden nerve

flow

33
Q

Voluntary urination – (3)

A 
contract 
abdominal muscles, increases 
bladder pressure, activates 
micturition reflex with voluntary 
relaxation of external urethral 
sphincter.
34
Q

Blood Flow to Kidney

A

 Very high blood flow (20% of

cardiac output).

35
Q

Blood Flow to Kidney
Renal Artery branches off
—

A

Aorta

36
Q

Blood Flow to Kidney

Enters kidney at —

A

hilum

37
Q

Blood Flow to Kidney

Branches into

A

smaller and

smaller vessels

38
Q

Blood Flow to Kidney

Unique —

A

microcirculation

39
Q

Blood Flow to Kidney

sequence (3)

A

Venules  Renal Vein  Vena

Cava

40
Q

Glomerular: (2)

A 
High pressure 
for Filtration
Afferent and 
Efferent 
arteriolar 
resistance can 
be altered to 
alter PC in 
Glomerular 
Capillaries
41
Q

Peritubular: (2)

A

 Low pressure

 Secretion and reabsorption

42
Q

Renal Microcirculation:
Two Arterioles, Two Capillary Beds

sequence (5)

A

Afferent Arteriole  Glomerular Capillaries  Efferent Arteriole 
Peritubular Capillaries  Venules

43
Q

Functional Unit of Kidney =

A

The Nephron:

Different Segments, Different Functions

44
Q

Each Collecting duct Collects fluid from about — nephrons

A

4000

45
Q

— Collecting Ducts/Kidney

A

250

46
Q

≈ — Nephrons/Kidney

A

1,000,000

47
Q

Two Classes of Nephrons

A

cortical

juxtamedullary

48
Q
  1. Cortical (4)
A 
 70-80% of nephrons
 Glomerulus in outer 
cortex
 Short loops of Henle
 Peritubular Capillaries
49
Q
  1. Juxtamedullary (5)
A 
 20-30% of nephrons
 Glomerulus near 
cortex/medulla border
 Long Loop of Henle 
(extends deep into 
medulla)
 Vasa Recta
 Play role in concentrating 
urine
50
Q
  1. Filtration (F) (4)
A 
 Function of Glomerular Capillaries
 Occurs via bulk flow
 Glomerular Filtrate is identical to 
plasma except protein free
 Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) =
51
Q

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) =

A

Rate of filtrate production (vol./time)

52
Q
  1. Reabsorption (R) (2)
A 
 Removes wanted substances from 
glomerular filtrate and puts it back 
into blood in peritubular capillaries
 Passive and Active transport 
processes across nephron epithelium
53
Q
  1. Secretion (S) (2)
A 
 Removal of unwanted substances still 
in plasma and secrete it into 
glomerular filtrate in nephron
 Passive and Active transport processes 
across nephron epithelium
54
Q
  1. Excretion (E) (2)
A

 Removal of metabolic waste
 Urine exits collecting duct into
minor calyx

55
Q

Ex =

A

Fx – Rx + Sx

56
Q

water (L/day)
filtration:
reabsorption:
excretion:

A

180
179
1-1.5

57
Q

sodium (mmol/day)
filtration:
reabsorption:
excretion:

A

25,560
25,410
150 (<1%)

58
Q

glucose (gm/day)
filtration:
reabsorption:
excretion:

A

180
180
0

59
Q

creatine (gm/day)
filtration:
reabsorption:
excretion:

A

1.8
0
1.8

60
Q

Why do we filter so much and then expend so much

energy to return greater than 99% back into the ECF?

A

Physiology (53 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions