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Physiology > Introduction Homeostasis > Flashcards

Introduction Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

homeostasis

A

process of maintaining a relatively constant/stable internal environment (set point) in spite of changing external environments

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2
Q

set point

A

the level the body is trying to maintain

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3
Q

external environment

A

outside the body

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4
Q

internal environment

A

inside body, outside cells

ECF

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5
Q

intracellular environment

A

inside cells, cytoplasm

ICF

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6
Q

homeostasis is important for

A

cell function

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7
Q

examples of homeostasis

A 
BP
[Na]
[Glu]
[K]
pH
body h2o 
BT
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8
Q

homeostatic processes restore — to the ECF following disturbance

A

balance

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9
Q

dynamic constancy

A

levels change over short periods of time but remain relatively constant over long periods of time

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10
Q

homeostasis is a — process

A 
dynamic, not static 
steady state (requires energy input) vs equilibrium
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11
Q

physiological variables can change dramatically over a 24 hour periods, but

A

the system is still in overall balance

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12
Q

when homeostasis is maintained, we refer to —, when it is not, awe refer to —

A

physiology

pathophysiology

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13
Q

levels of homeostasis (2)

A

cellular

extracellular

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14
Q

cellular homeostasis (4)

A

functions of each cell
cytoplasm of single cell
necessary for normal cell function
relies on components of extracellular fluid

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15
Q

extracellular fluid homeostasis (3)

A

environment outside of the cell
necessary for normal cell function
local vs systemic

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16
Q

local (3)

A

restricted to one tissue space
utilizes paracrine and autocrines
maintain function of tissue

17
Q

systemic (3)

A

involves entire body
utilizes nervous system and endocrine system
maintain function of heart and brain

18
Q

endocrine system sequence (3)

A

hormone secreting gland cell
hormone in blood vessel
target cells in one or more distant places in the body

19
Q

nervous system sequence (4)

A

nerve cell
electrical signal
NT
neuron or effector cell in close proximity to site of NT release

20
Q

paracrine sequence (3)

A

local cell
paracrine substance
target cells in close proximity to site of release of paracrine substance

21
Q

autocrines sequence (3)

A

local cell
autocrine substance
autocrine substance acts on same cell that secreted the substance

22
Q

flowchart outlining systemic homeostatic process mediated by NS or ES

A 
stimulus
reflex receptor
afferent pathway
integrating center
efferent pathway
effector 
effector response 
feedback regulation
23
Q

stimulus (3)

A

 First Domino
 Changes in ECF Composition, Body Temperature, BP, etc.
 Changes in [substances]ECF
- Na+, K+, Ca++
- H+ (pH)
- Glucose, O2, CO2
- Endocrine (hormones) and neural (neurotransmitters)

24
Q

reflex receptor (3)

A

 Detects changes in [substance]ECF
 Threshold Stimulus (Sensitivity) - Determines
amplitude of normal range
 Can be Cluster of cells, individual cells, cell parts or
molecules in membrane or cytoplasm of cell

25
Q

normal range

A

as long as value is WNR it is considered a normal value

26
Q

afferent pathway (3)

A

 Carries information from Reflex Receptors to Integrating Center
 NS Reflexes only
 Sensory Neurons

27
Q

why is the afferent pathway NS reflexes only?

A

not ED bc the reflex receptor is in the integrating pathway (dont need it)

28
Q

Integrating Center (3)

A

 Receives stimulus, analyzes information and
generates appropriate response
 ES = Endocrine Gland
 NS = Brain/Spinal Cord

29
Q

Efferent Pathway (3)

A

 Carries commands from integrating center to effectors
 ES = Hormones (travel via blood)
 NS = Motor neurons

30
Q

Effector

A

Any cell affected by Efferent Pathway (change in function)

31
Q

two levels of the effector response

A

local effector response

systemic effector response

32
Q

Local Effector Response

A

how cell (effector) function is changed by the Efferent Pathway

33
Q

Systemic Effector Response

A

how ECF (whole body) changed by local effector response

34
Q

Different Efferent Pathways can create the same systemic effector response while having

A

different local effector responses

35
Q

Feedback Regulation

A

How Systemic Effector Response changes the function of the Reflex Receptor

36
Q

types of feedback regulation (2)

A

negative

positive

37
Q

Negative Feedback

A

decreases activity shutting off pathway (homeostatic); values fluctuate around the set point

38
Q

Positive Feedback

A

increases activity further activating pathway (non-homeostatic)

39
Q

which feedback is more common?

A

negative

Physiology (53 decks)

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