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Developmental Psychology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

Research that deals with objectively measurable data.

A

Quantitative Research

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2
Q

Research that focuses on non-numerical data, such as subjective experiences, feelings, or beliefs. It also focuses on the how and why of behavior. It more commonly involves nonnumerical (verbal or pictorial) descriptions of participants’ subjective understanding, feelings, or beliefs about their experiences.

A

Qualitative Research

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3
Q

The goal of qualitative research is to understand the____ of the event.

A

“story”

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4
Q

Quantitative research often is done in________while qualitative research typically is conducted in_______

A

controlled laboratory settings
everyday settings, such as the home or school.

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5
Q

The entire pool of individuals under study from which a sample is drawn and to which findings may apply.

A

Population

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6
Q

It is a group of participants chosen to represent the entire population under study.

A

Sample

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7
Q

It is a way of selecting a sample in such a way that each person in a population has an equal and independent chance of being chosen.

A

random selection

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8
Q

A sample of individuals is chosen in such a way that every individual in the population has an equal and independent chance of being chosen.

A

random sample

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9
Q

Define the Acronym WEIRD

A

Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic

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10
Q

It is the type of society from which research samples are typically drawn and this makes it difficult to determine if psychological findings are universal

A

Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD)

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11
Q

It is a form of data collection where a diary, visual reports, interview, or questionnaire is used. Participants are asked about some aspect of their lives; questioning may be highly structured or more flexible; it may be verbal or visual.

A

Self-Report:

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12
Q

It is a form of data collection where people are observed in their normal setting, with no attempt to manipulate behavior. It is more practical and its application is almost instinctual

A

Naturalistic observation

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13
Q

Participants are observed in the laboratory, with no attempt to manipulate behavior. A controlled setting where many of the complex factors of the “real world” are absent.

A

Laboratory Observation

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14
Q

Laboratory Observation is low in ____ kasi masyado itong malinis. Ang development kasi is messy but hight lab ob is high in internal validity

A

generalization

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15
Q

This effect is present in laboratory observation because subjects of an experimental study, change or improve their behavior because it is being studied.

A

Hawthorne effect

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16
Q

It is defined as any expectations, beliefs, or personal preferences of a researcher that unintentionally influence their findings

A

observer bias

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17
Q

_______can examine a question in great depth and detail, and the research framework can readily be revised in the light of new data.

A

Qualitative research

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18
Q

The findings of qualitative research can be a rich source ______

A

of insights into attitudes and behavior.

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19
Q

Because samples are often small and usually not random, results of this type of research are less generalizable and replicable

A

Qualitative research

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20
Q

It is the best and quickest way to get information about people

A

Survey and interview

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21
Q

_____tends to participant answer questions in a way that they think is socially acceptable or desirable rather than to say what they truly think or feel

A

self-report/survey and interview

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22
Q

It allows a person’s performance to be compared with that of other individuals; thus it provides information about individual differences among people

A

Standardized Tests

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23
Q

The criticism of these tests is that they assume a person’s behavior is consistent and stable, yet personality and intelligence- two primary targets of these tests vary with the situation

A

standardized tests

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24
Q

Mas rigorous yung pagka develop sa______kaya mas maganda yung data na na-ga-gather nito.

A

standardized test

25
Q

It is preferred to use than the standardized test when the researcher wants to elaborate on data and to get data about the whole life of a participant

A

survey and interview

26
Q

These tests are fit to use in data reduction especially if you are concerned with some psychological variables such as personality and intelligence.

A

Standardized tests

27
Q

In-depth study of single/Individual ginagawa sa special cases

A

Case-studies

28
Q

______it is a research design that is performed mainly by mental health professionals when, for either practical or ethical reasons, the unique aspects of an individual’s life cannot be duplicated and tested in other individuals.

A

Case studies

29
Q

In-depth study of a culture or subculture

A

Ethnography Study

30
Q

Can help overcome culturally based biases in theory and research; can test the universality of developmental phenomena that were solely based in Western cultures

A

Ethnography Study

31
Q

A research design that aims to observe and record behavior. It’s very straightforward. Kuhain lang yung data and describe lang sila based sa mga nakuhang data. Maraming variables but they are isolated from each other unlike in correlation, the researcher will find the relationship between variables

A

Descriptive Research

32
Q

It is a research design that provides information that will help us to predict how people will behave by measuring the strength of the relationship between two or more events or characteristics

A

Correlation

33
Q

Correlations are reported as numbers ranging from −1.0 (a perfect negative relationship) to +1.0 (a perfect positive relationship). Perfect correlations are rare. The closer a correlation comes to _____the stronger the relationship, either positive or negative. A correlation of ____ means that the variables have no relationship

A

+1.0 or −1.0,

zero

34
Q

This research design is concerned with the relationship of variables but they do not establish cause and effect

A

correlation

35
Q

What is the difference between correlation and experimental?

A

In experimental there is manipulation while there is no manipulation in correlation.

36
Q

It is a research design where a controlled procedure is conducted in a laboratory or the field in which an independent variable is manipulated to determine its effect on a dependent variable

A

Experiment

37
Q

It is a research design that establishes cause-and-effect relationships; is highly controlled and can be repeated by another Investigator

A

Experiment

38
Q

It is a way to conduct an experiment that consists of people who are to be exposed to experimental manipulation or treatment—the phenomenon the researcher wants to study. Afterward, the effect of the treatment will be measured one or more times to find out what changes, if any, it caused.

A

experimental group

39
Q

It is a way to conduct an experiment that consists of people who are similar to the experimental group but do not receive the experimental treatment or may receive a different treatment. An experiment may include one or more of each type of group.

A

control group

40
Q

It ensures objectivity, In some experiments, particularly in medical research, in which neither participants nor experimenters know who is receiving the treatment and who is instead receiving an inert placebo or is in the control condition.

A

double-blind procedures

41
Q

It is important, when conducting research, to define exactly what is to be measured in a way that other researchers can replicate, or reproduce. This is the term that defines the definition stated solely in terms of the operations used
to measure a phenomenon in research

A

operational definition

42
Q

A procedure in an experiment in which they assign the participants to groups in such a way that each person has an equal chance of being placed in any group. This helps to confirm if the independent variable was the cause of the changes in behavior and not another extraneous variable.

A

random assignment

43
Q

it is a type of experiment where a controlled study is conducted in an everyday setting, such as a home or school. Variables can still be manipulated, so causal claims can still be investigated. Because the experiments occur in the real world, there is more confidence that the behaviors that are seen are generalizable to natural behaviors.

A

field experiment

44
Q

This type of experiment result can be generalized as it is conducted in natural settings. However, researchers have less control over events that may occur; the real world is often messy, and things do not always go as planned

A

field experiment

45
Q

It utilizes aspects of qualitative as well as quantitative techniques. It does not study random samplings of a population but instead looks for causal relationships among variables.

A

Quasi-experimental research

46
Q

It is a type of experiment, despite its name, is a correlational study because controlled manipulation of variables and random assignment to treatment groups are not possible

A

natural experiment

47
Q

It is a type of Developmental research designed to assess age-related differences, in which people of different ages are assessed on one occasion.

A

Cross-Sectional

48
Q

What developmental research should be used when determining the reading comprehension of 5-year-old 8-year-old, and 11 years old Filipinos?

The groups can be compared for a variety of dependent variables: IQ, memory, and peer relations.

A

Cross-Sectional

49
Q

It is a type of developmental research which is subject to cohort effects

A

Cross-Sectional

50
Q

In cross-sectional research,______ can powerfully affect the dependent measures in the study ostensibly concerned with age.

A

Cohort effects

51
Q

It is a type of developmental research that tracks people over time and focuses on individuals with age; the researchers study the same group more than once over time.

A

Longitudinal

52
Q

This type of developmental research is preferred by developmental researchers as this method able to track people over time

A

Longitudinal

53
Q

It is a type of developmental research where the process will help to know whether changes occur with age and it cancels cohort effects. The result of this type of research applies to the age range being studied which is why it is preferred by most developmental researchers

A

Longitudinal

54
Q

This kind of developmental research provides a wealth of information about vital issues such as stability and change in development and the importance of early experience for later development.

A

Longitudinal

55
Q

This type of developmental research is prone to attrition and cross-generation effect

A

Longitudinal

56
Q

It is the ideal developmental research as it minimizes the drawbacks of the separate approaches

A

Sequential

57
Q

It is a type of developmental research that allows researchers to separate age-related changes from cohort effects and provides a more complete picture of development than would be possible with either design alone

A

Sequential

58
Q

It is a type of developmental research which time-consuming, too complex, and costly.

A

Sequential

Developmental Psychology (21 decks)

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