LEARNING THEORY

Question 1

These theorists within the _____perspective argued that development was the result of learning, relatively long-lasting change based on experience or adaptation to the environment

Answer 1

LEARNING

Question 2

Hindi interested ang mga _____ sa inner working of the minds dahil hindi daw ito observable.

Answer 2

Learning theorist

Question 3

From this perspective, Psychology becomes more scientific because behavior is measurable and observable

Answer 3

Learning Perspective

Question 4

In this perspective, Psychologists at this time sinasabi na ang mind ay tabula rasa or blank state. This implied cultural and contextual influences were of primary importance in shaping differences between people.

Answer 4

Learning Perspective

Question 5

It believes that our behavior and development are our response to our environment/experience. They also consider development as reactive and continuous.

Answer 5

Behaviorism

Question 6

Behavioral research focuses on this kind of learning, in which a mental link is formed between two events.

Answer 6

associative learning

Question 7

What are the two kinds of Associative learning?

Answer 7

classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

Question 8

A process in which an unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly paired with a conditioned stimulus until the conditioned stimulus elicits a response without the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 8

Classical Conditioning

Question 9

Who is the proponent of Classical Conditioning?

Answer 9

Ivan Pavlov

Question 10

This happens if the Conditioned Stimuli repeatedly occur without the Unconditioned Stimuli, the response would gradually weaken and eventually be eliminated.

Answer 10

Extinction

Question 11

It is the reappearance of conditioned behavior that was previously extinguished.

Answer 11

Spontaneous recovery

Question 12

It is treated as evidence that the Conditioned Stimuli and Uconditoned Stimuli association is not permanently destroyed in an extinction procedure. It shows that the CR was not unlearned during extinction, but was actively inhibited by the organism

Answer 12

Spontaneous recovery

Question 13

This American behaviorist applied such stimulus-response theories to children. He taught an 11-month-old baby known as “Little Albert” to fear furry, white objects

Answer 13

John B. Watson (1878–1958)

Question 14

A process where a person responds not only to the CS but even in the face of similar stimuli.

Ex. Lahat ng fury white objects takot si little Albert

Answer 14

Stimulus Generalization

Question 15

A process where a person responds only to the conditioned stimulus

ex. takot lang sa daga pero hindi sa lahat ng black furry objects

Answer 15

Stimulus Discrimination

Question 16

This concept is known as having fear with neutral stimuli.

Answer 16

Negative Association

Question 17

It is the intense irrational fear. In abnormal Psychology, behaviorism is one of the roots of this disorder and behaviorism can also be used as a treatment

Answer 17

Phobia

Question 18

This person is the proponent of Operant Conditioning. This person has financial constraints as all of his experiments were funded by other persons and institutions.

Answer 18

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Question 19

Skinner expanded the theory of ______ which is the LAW OF EFFECT. This explains that if a behavior is rewarding and satisfying they tend to repeat it.

Answer 19

Edward Thorndike

Question 20

It explains that if a behavior is rewarding and satisfying they tend to repeat it.

Answer 20

LAW OF EFFECT

Question 21

It involves voluntary behavior dahil sa reinforcements, either positive or negative, and the use of consequence to form or modify a behavior.
The use of consequence/s to form or modify the occurrence of behavior

Answer 21

Operant conditioning

Question 22

what experiment was used to test the operant conditioning

Answer 22

Rat Experiment

Question 23

It is anything that can give pleasure and satisfaction to an individual.

Answer 23

Reinforcers

Question 24

A type of reinforcement where a person is doing and repeating behaviors because of getting something pleasurable and satisfying.

Answer 24

Positive reinforcement

Question 25

It is reinforcing approximation of the targeted behavior until such time that the organism finally does what we intend to do (hindi need maging perfect agad)

Answer 25

Shaping

Question 26

Minsan napagkakalaman na punishment, ito naman yung isang way para matutunan yung behavior. Ginagawa mo ang isang behavior para maiwasan ang isang negative reinforcers/unfavorable stimulus

Answer 26

Negative Reinforcement

Question 27

Inducing an aversive stimuli kapag may negative behavior na nagawa. This isn’t effective when deterring a behavior.

Answer 27

Punishment

Question 28

A type of punishment where a person adds negative stimuli to another person when undesirable behavior is done Example: Mrs. Torre's child didn’t do her assigned chores so she spanks her and gives her more chores

Answer 28

Positive Punishment

Question 29

It is developing associations between events

Answer 29

Classical Conditioning

Question 30

it involves learning from the consequences of our behavior.

Answer 30

Operant Conditioning

Question 31

A type of punishment where a person removes positive stimuli from another person when undesirable behavior is done. Example: Mrs. Torre’s child didn’t do her chores so she is grounded and her iPad is confiscated.

Answer 31

Negative Punishment

Question 32

a form of operant conditioning used to shape behaviors has been widely used as a therapeutic approach for children with special needs. It has been extraordinarily effective in managing problem behaviors and encouraging desired behaviors, although not without controversy

Answer 32

Behavioral modification

Question 33

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement is given after every single behavior (every behavior may reward)

Answer 33

Continuous (CRF

Question 34

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement is given after some behavior but not after each one.

Answer 34

Intermittent (INT)

Question 35

A type of schedule of reinforcement where a fixed number of responses must be made before the reward is administered (every 2 passed exams may Jollibee)

Answer 35

Fixed ratio

Question 36

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement occurs after a variable behavioral response. Walang specific number of behavior before mag occur yung reinforcement) Example: Kapag tumaya ka sa lotto, pwedeng 100 times kang tumaya nung month of March bago ka tumama. Sa Month of April naman pwedeng isang taya pa lang nakuha mo na agad. Madalas ang concept na ito is sa gambling.

Answer 36

Variable ratio

Question 37

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement will be delivered after a specific passage of time Example: sweldo every 15 days

Answer 37

Fixed interval

Question 38

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement will occur after ng paiba-ibang number of days/time. (unspecified lenght of time bago mag occur yung reinforcement) Example -Nakakuha ng candy 1pm nung monday 5pm nung Tuesday. -Nagpa exam si prof after every matapos yung lesson(di naman palaging 1 day lang matatapos yung lesson) -Jeepney arrival

Answer 38

Variable interval

Question 39

Who is the proponent of Social learning theory?

Answer 39

Albert Bandura

Question 40

A concept under Social Cognitive theory which suggests that the impetus for development is bidirectional

Answer 40

Reciprocal Determinism

Question 41

It is the classical concept of Bandura which states that people learn appropriate social behavior chiefly by observing and imitating models;

Answer 41

Observational learning

Question 42

under the concept of Bandura, sila yung mga taong ginagaya

Answer 42

Models

Question 43

under the concept of Bandura, this is the process of imitating other people

Answer 43

Modelling

Question 44

People tend to choose prestigious models who control resources or who are _____ for what they do- in other words, those behaviors perceived as valued in their culture

Answer 44

rewarded.

Question 45

We are more likely to model_____

Answer 45

high-status people

Question 46

People who lack _______are more likely to model

Answer 46

skill or status

Question 47

We tend to model behavior that we see as being ___________to the model

Answer 47

rewarding

Question 48

A process that governs observational learning which our attention is nasa minomodel or nagtuturo

Answer 48

Attentional Processes

Question 49

A process that governs observational learning which what we observe will be retained by us

Answer 49

Retentional/Representational

Question 50

A process that governs observational learning which we will reproduce what we learned

Answer 50

Reproduction Processes

Question 51

A process that governs observational learning in which a person will not imitate a behavior if it isn't rewarding

Answer 51

Incentive and motivational Processes

Question 52

It is Bandura’s updated version of social learning theory in which Cognitive processes are at work as people observe models, learn chunks of behavior, and mentally put the chunks together into complex new behavior patterns.

Answer 52

Social Cognitive Theory

Question 53

This is a concept of Albert Bandura in which a person will not only imitate but improve on the imitation by modeling other people too

Answer 53

Social Cognitive Theory

Question 54

It is under the Learning theory by Bandura in which a child imitates Through feedback on their behavior, children gradually form a standard for judging their actions and become more selective in choosing models who demonstrate those standards.. Inaalam din ng bata kung sino yung dapat gayahin at hindi siya basta-basta nang gagaya

Answer 54

Social Cognitive Theory

Question 55

It is a concept under Bandura in which development at personality natin ay binabalance ng Behavior, Environmental factors, and personal factors. Maari kasi tayong maimpluwenshayan ng ating environmental factors pero ang tao ay may cognition to decide kung anong behavior yung gagayahin at tatahakin.

Answer 55

Triadic Reciprocal Observation

Question 56

This is under the Triadic Reciprocal Observation kung saanmay ability tayo to think and decide kung ang mga behaviors natin ay may magandang consequence at magiging masaya tayo dito

Answer 56

Human Agency

Question 57

Ito yung process under Triadic Reciprocal Observatiom na kung saan may simulation sa isip natin if yung behavior natin ay may magandang patutunguhan

Answer 57

Forethought

Question 58

It is a concept of Albert Bandura where it can be developed through Social Cognitive. People’s belief in their ability to achieve and master challenges.In other words ito yung pag measure mo ng kakayahan mo if kaya mong gawin ang isang bagay successfully.

Answer 58

Self-efficacy

Question 59

It is a type of factor of self-efficacy where a person receives feedback and reactions from other people

Answer 59

External Factors

Question 60

It is a type of factor of self-efficacy where a person has awareness of their mastery of a specific skill

Answer 60

Internal Factors