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Developmental Psychology > LEARNING THEORY > Flashcards

LEARNING THEORY Flashcards

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1
Q

These theorists within the _____perspective argued that development was the result of learning, relatively long-lasting change based on experience or adaptation to the environment

A

LEARNING

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2
Q

Hindi interested ang mga _____ sa inner working of the minds dahil hindi daw ito observable.

A

Learning theorist

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3
Q

From this perspective, Psychology becomes more scientific because behavior is measurable and observable

A

Learning Perspective

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4
Q

In this perspective, Psychologists at this time sinasabi na ang mind ay tabula rasa or blank state. This implied cultural and contextual influences were of primary importance in shaping differences between people.

A

Learning Perspective

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5
Q

It believes that our behavior and development are our response to our environment/experience. They also consider development as reactive and continuous.

A

Behaviorism

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6
Q

Behavioral research focuses on this kind of learning, in which a mental link is formed between two events.

A

associative learning

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7
Q

What are the two kinds of Associative learning?

A

classical conditioning and operant conditioning.

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8
Q

A process in which an unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly paired with a conditioned stimulus until the conditioned stimulus elicits a response without the presentation of the unconditioned stimulus

A

Classical Conditioning

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9
Q

Who is the proponent of Classical Conditioning?

A

Ivan Pavlov

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10
Q

This happens if the Conditioned Stimuli repeatedly occur without the Unconditioned Stimuli, the response would gradually weaken and eventually be eliminated.

A

Extinction

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11
Q

It is the reappearance of conditioned behavior that was previously extinguished.

A

Spontaneous recovery

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12
Q

It is treated as evidence that the Conditioned Stimuli and Uconditoned Stimuli association is not permanently destroyed in an extinction procedure. It shows that the CR was not unlearned during extinction, but was actively inhibited by the organism

A

Spontaneous recovery

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13
Q

This American behaviorist applied such stimulus-response theories to children. He taught an 11-month-old baby known as “Little Albert” to fear furry, white objects

A

John B. Watson (1878–1958)

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14
Q

A process where a person responds not only to the CS but even in the face of similar stimuli.

Ex. Lahat ng fury white objects takot si little Albert

A

Stimulus Generalization

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15
Q

A process where a person responds only to the conditioned stimulus

ex. takot lang sa daga pero hindi sa lahat ng black furry objects

A

Stimulus Discrimination

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16
Q

This concept is known as having fear with neutral stimuli.

A

Negative Association

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17
Q

It is the intense irrational fear. In abnormal Psychology, behaviorism is one of the roots of this disorder and behaviorism can also be used as a treatment

A

Phobia

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18
Q

This person is the proponent of Operant Conditioning. This person has financial constraints as all of his experiments were funded by other persons and institutions.

A

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

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19
Q

Skinner expanded the theory of ______ which is the LAW OF EFFECT. This explains that if a behavior is rewarding and satisfying they tend to repeat it.

A

Edward Thorndike

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20
Q

It explains that if a behavior is rewarding and satisfying they tend to repeat it.

A

LAW OF EFFECT

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21
Q

It involves voluntary behavior dahil sa reinforcements, either positive or negative, and the use of consequence to form or modify a behavior.
The use of consequence/s to form or modify the occurrence of behavior

A

Operant conditioning

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22
Q

what experiment was used to test the operant conditioning

A

Rat Experiment

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23
Q

It is anything that can give pleasure and satisfaction to an individual.

A

Reinforcers

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24
Q

A type of reinforcement where a person is doing and repeating behaviors because of getting something pleasurable and satisfying.

A

Positive reinforcement

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25
Q

It is reinforcing approximation of the targeted behavior until such time that the organism finally does what we intend to do (hindi need maging perfect agad)

A

Shaping

26
Q

Minsan napagkakalaman na punishment, ito naman yung isang way para matutunan yung behavior. Ginagawa mo ang isang behavior para maiwasan ang isang negative reinforcers/unfavorable stimulus

A

Negative Reinforcement

27
Q

Inducing an aversive stimuli kapag may negative behavior na nagawa.
This isn’t effective when deterring a behavior.

A

Punishment

28
Q

A type of punishment where a person adds negative stimuli to another person when undesirable behavior is done

Example: Mrs. Torre’s child didn’t do her assigned chores so she spanks her and gives her more chores

A

Positive Punishment

29
Q

It is developing associations between events

A

Classical Conditioning

30
Q

it involves learning from the consequences of our behavior.

A

Operant Conditioning

31
Q

A type of punishment where a person removes positive stimuli from another person when undesirable behavior is done.
Example: Mrs. Torre’s child didn’t do her chores so she is grounded and her iPad is confiscated.

A

Negative Punishment

32
Q

a form of operant conditioning used to shape behaviors has
been widely used as a therapeutic approach for children with special needs.

It has been extraordinarily effective in managing problem behaviors and encouraging desired behaviors, although not without controversy

A

Behavioral modification

33
Q

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement is given after every single behavior (every behavior may reward)

A

Continuous (CRF

34
Q

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the
reinforcement is given after some behavior but not after each one.

A

Intermittent (INT)

35
Q

A type of schedule of reinforcement where a fixed number of responses must be made before the reward is administered (every 2 passed exams may Jollibee)

A

Fixed ratio

36
Q

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement occurs after a variable behavioral response. Walang specific number of behavior before mag occur yung reinforcement)
Example: Kapag tumaya ka sa lotto, pwedeng 100 times kang tumaya nung month of March bago ka tumama. Sa Month of April naman pwedeng isang taya pa lang nakuha mo na agad. Madalas ang concept na ito is sa gambling.

A

Variable ratio

37
Q

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement will be delivered after a specific passage of time Example: sweldo every 15 days

A

Fixed interval

38
Q

A type of schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement will occur after ng paiba-ibang number of days/time. (unspecified lenght of time bago mag occur yung reinforcement)

Example
-Nakakuha ng candy 1pm nung monday
5pm nung Tuesday.
-Nagpa exam si prof after every matapos yung lesson(di naman palaging 1 day lang matatapos yung lesson)
-Jeepney arrival

A

Variable interval

39
Q

Who is the proponent of Social learning theory?

A

Albert Bandura

40
Q

A concept under Social Cognitive theory which suggests that the impetus for development is bidirectional

A

Reciprocal Determinism

41
Q

It is the classical concept of Bandura which states that people learn appropriate social behavior chiefly by observing and imitating models;

A

Observational learning

42
Q

under the concept of Bandura, sila yung mga taong ginagaya

A

Models

43
Q

under the concept of Bandura, this is the process of imitating other people

A

Modelling

44
Q

People tend to choose prestigious models who control resources or who are _____ for what they do- in other words, those behaviors perceived as valued in their culture

A

rewarded.

45
Q

We are more likely to model_____

A

high-status people

46
Q

People who lack _______are more likely to model

A

skill or status

47
Q

We tend to model behavior that we see as being ___________to the model

A

rewarding

48
Q

A process that governs observational learning which our attention is nasa minomodel or nagtuturo

A

Attentional Processes

49
Q

A process that governs observational learning which what we observe will be retained by us

A

Retentional/Representational

50
Q

A process that governs observational learning which we will reproduce what we learned

A

Reproduction Processes

51
Q

A process that governs observational learning in which a person will not imitate a behavior if it isn’t rewarding

A

Incentive and motivational Processes

52
Q

It is Bandura’s updated version of social learning theory in which Cognitive processes are at work as people observe models, learn chunks of behavior, and mentally put the chunks together into complex new behavior patterns.

A

Social Cognitive Theory

53
Q

This is a concept of Albert Bandura in which a person will not only imitate but improve on the imitation by modeling other people too

A

Social Cognitive Theory

54
Q

It is under the Learning theory by Bandura in which a child imitates Through feedback on their behavior, children gradually form a standard for judging their actions and become more selective in choosing models who demonstrate those standards..
Inaalam din ng bata kung sino yung dapat gayahin at hindi siya basta-basta nang gagaya

A

Social Cognitive Theory

55
Q

It is a concept under Bandura in which development at personality natin ay binabalance ng Behavior, Environmental factors, and personal factors. Maari kasi tayong maimpluwenshayan ng ating environmental factors pero ang tao ay may cognition to decide kung anong behavior yung gagayahin at tatahakin.

A

Triadic Reciprocal Observation

56
Q

This is under the Triadic Reciprocal Observation kung saanmay ability tayo to think and decide kung ang mga behaviors natin ay may magandang consequence at magiging masaya tayo dito

A

Human Agency

57
Q

Ito yung process under Triadic Reciprocal Observatiom na kung saan may simulation sa isip natin if yung behavior natin ay may magandang patutunguhan

A

Forethought

58
Q

It is a concept of Albert Bandura where it can be developed through Social Cognitive. People’s belief in their ability to achieve and master challenges.In other words ito yung pag measure mo ng kakayahan mo if kaya mong gawin ang isang bagay successfully.

A

Self-efficacy

59
Q

It is a type of factor of self-efficacy where a person receives feedback and reactions from other people

A

External Factors

60
Q

It is a type of factor of self-efficacy where a person has awareness of their mastery of a specific skill

A

Internal Factors

Developmental Psychology (21 decks)

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