Prenatal Development & Care Flashcards
It is an early sign and symptoms of pregnancy that indicate pregnancy, although can be misleading
Missed period
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy which indicates increased production of the female hormones estrogen and progesterone to prepare for producing milk.
Tender, swollen Breast
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy which may occur about 10 to 14 days after fertilization when the ovum attaches to the lining of the uterus. Women may also cramp as the uterus enlarges.
Slight bleeding or cramping
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy
in which morning sickness may begin as early as 2 weeks after conception but usually around 4 to 8 weeks and may occur at any time of day.
Nausea with or without vomiting
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy
in which a woman experiences enlarging the uterus during the first trimester exerting pressure on the bladder.
Frequent urination
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy
in which a woman experiences her heart pumping harder and faster to carry nutrients to the fetus. Stepped-up production of hormones takes extra effort. Progesterone depresses the central nervous system and may cause sleepiness
Fatigue
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy
in which a woman experiences her flood of hormones early in pregnancy can produce emotional highs and lows.
Mood swings
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy
in which a woman experiences an increase in progesterone may slow digestion, so food passes more slowly through the intestinal tract.
Constipation
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy
in which a woman experiences hormonal changes that may alter her food preferences, especially during the first trimester. A heightened sense of smell may trigger nausea in response to certain foods.
Food aversions
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy
in which a woman experiences lightheaded feeling may be triggered by blood vessel dilation and low blood pressure or by low blood sugar.
Faintness and dizziness
It is an early sign and symptom of pregnancy
in which a woman experiences this during ovulation, each month and then drops during menstruation. When menstruation ceases, temperature remains elevated.
Raised basal body temperature
It identifies the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin, which, under normal circumstances, is produced only by embryos and fetuses.
Pregnancy tests
a ______ pregnancy test tells a woman a conception has occurred.
positive
Typical prenatal development begins with fertilization and ends with birth, lasting between ____and 280 days (from 38 to 40 weeks)
266 and 280 days
(38 to 40 weeks)
What are the three periods of prenatal development?
Germinal, embryonic, and fetal
What are the two principles of growth?
Cephalocaudal principle and Proximodistal Principle
It is a principle of growth from Latin, meaning “head to tail” which dictates that development proceeds from the head to the lower part of the trunk
Cephalocaudal principle
It is a principle of growth from Latin, meaning “near to far” Development proceeds from parts near the center of the body to outer ones
Proximodistal Principle
_____ is a prenatal period from fertilization to 2 weeks
GERMINAL PERIOD
It is a prenatal period that includes the creation of fertilized eggs, called zygote, cell division, and the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall
GERMINAL PERIOD
During this prenatal period, the zygote divides, becomes more complex, and is implanted in the wall of the uterus.
GERMINAL PERIOD
At a germinal stage, within 36 hours after fertilization, the zygote enters a period of ______ also called mitosis
rapid cell division and duplication
______ hours after fertilization, it has divided first into 16 and then into 32 cells; a day later, it has 64 cells.
Seventy-two
While the fertilized ovum is dividing, it is also making its way through the _______ to the uterus, a journey of 3 or 4 days, and its form changes into a blastocyst
fallopian tube
It is a fluid-filled sphere, which floats freely in the uterus until the sixth day after fertilization, when it begins to implant itself in the uterine wall
blastocyst
In this stage of prenatal period, mas susceptible to the changes of environment, pagnakagkaroon ng problem sa cell division ang tendency catstrophic yung reaction at ika-copy ang error na ito at hinid magiging maganda yung germinal period.
GERMINAL PERIOD
Only about __to ____ percent of fertilized ova complete the task of implantation and continue to develop.
10 to 20
It is the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall, that takes place about 11 to 15 days after conception.
Implantation
It consists of an inner mass of cells that will eventually develop into the embryo
blastocyst
.
differentiation of these cells–
It is an outer layer of cell that later provides nutrition and support for the embryo
Trophoblast
When does cell differentiation begin?
Before implantation
some cells around the edge of the blastocyst cluster on one side to form_____
embryonic disk
A thickened cell mass from which the embryo begins to develop. This mass will differentiate into three layers.
embryonic disk
What is the inner layer of the embryonic disk which becomes the digestive system, liver, pancreas, salivary glands, and respiratory system?
Endoderm
What is the upper layer of the embryonic disk which will become the outer layer of skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and the upper nervous systems, including the brain and spinal cord?
Ectoderm
What is the middle layer of the embryonic disk that will develop and differentiate into the inner layer of skin, muscles, skeleton, and excretory and circulatory systems?
Mesoderm
A part of the blastocyst with a fluid-filled membrane that encases the developing embryo, protecting it and giving it room to move and grow
Amniotic sac
A part of the blastocyst that allows oxygen, nourishment, and wastes to pass between mother and embryo.
Placenta
A part of the blastocyst in which nutrients from the mother pass from her blood to the embryonic blood vessels wh
Umbilical cord
They connect mother and child.
umbilical cord and placenta
It is temporary organs na ginagawa ng mga female para makatulong sa pregnancy
umbilical cord and placenta
At the age of _____weeks in the prenatal milestone, Heart begins to beat
4 weeks
embryonic blood vessels in the umbilical cord carry embryonic wastes to the_____, where they can be eliminated by maternal blood vessel
placenta
The_____ also helps to combat internal infection and gives the unborn child immunity to various diseases. It produces the hormones that support pregnancy, prepare the mother’s breasts for lactation, and eventually stimulate the uterine contractions that will expel the baby from the mother’s body
placenta
It is a period of 2 to 8 weeks of pregnancy
EMBRYONIC STAGE
This is a critical period of prenatal development when the embryo is most vulnerable to destructive influences in the prenatal environment.
EMBRYONIC STAGE
Why is it that in the embryonic stage, the embryo is vulnerable to destructive influences in the prenatal environment?
because the organs and major body systems—-respiratory, digestive, and nervous—-develop rapidly
It is a process in embryonic stage where the organs and major body systems—-respiratory, digestive, and nervous—-develop rapidly
Organogenesis
It is the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo or fetus that is unable to survive outside the womb
miscarriage or spontaneous abortion
It is usually defined as the loss of a baby before the 20th week of pregnancy
miscarriage
_____ is the loss of a baby at or after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It can happen before or after birth
stillbirth
________ are also more likely to occur in pregnancies involving twins or higher-order multiples
miscarriage or spontaneous abortion
They are more likely to be spontaneously aborted or to be stillborn (dead at or after the 20th week of gestation).
Males
It is a stage 8 weeks of prenatal period to birth
Fetal stage
The appearance of the first bone cell at about 8 weeks signals the beginning of what stagew of pregrnancy?
fetal
It is a prenatal period where the unborn baby grows rapidly to about 20 times its previous length, and organs and body systems become more complex
Fetal Stage
In this prenatal stage, finishing touches such as fingernails, toenails, and eyelids continue to develop right up to birth
Fetal stage
In this prenatal stage, the unborn baby is not a passive passenger in the mother’s womb. They breathe, kick, turn, flex their bodies, do somersaults, squint, swallow, make fists, hiccup, and suck their thumbs
Fetal Stage
The flexible membranes of the uterine walls and amniotic sac, which surround the protective buffer of amniotic fluid, permit and stimulate limited________ of the unborn baby.
movement
_____fetuses, regardless of size, are more active and tend to move more vigorously than female fetuses throughout gestation
Male
It is highly unlikely that unborn child feel_____ before 3rd trimester as the cortex of the brain is immature at this point
pain
It is an environmental agent, such as a virus, a drug, or radiation, that can interfere with normal prenatal development
Teratogen
Tera means?
MONSTER
The timing of exposure, dose, duration, and interaction with other teratogenic _____
factors
In this prenatal period, the unborn child is not susceptible to teratogens yet they are at risk of genetic problems
Germinal
In this prenatal period, the unborn child is suceptible to teratogens, esp sa earlier stages kasi dito mabilis mag rapid cell division
Embryonic Stage
This type of pregnant woman in the early months of pregnancy tends to have longer deliveries, need more health care services, are more likely to have preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, cesarean delivery, bear infants with birth defects, congenital abnormalities, postpartum hemorrhage, or perinatal death— namatay yung bata habang pinapanganak
Women who are overweight or obese
This food for pregnant women is good for the development of the central nervous system and retina of the eye
-heavier babies
-Longer gestational period
-decreased risk of preterm birth
OMEGa E-Fatty Acid,
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found in certaon fish
If the pregnant woman does not consume this food, they will have the risk of developing neurological defects (anencephaly and Spina Bifida)
ADHD in 7-9 years old
Folic Acid or Folate ( B vitamin)
-Leafy vegetables and cereal grains
The absence of____ during pregnancy will have the risk of death for both mother and child
Vitamin A and Zinc
The absence of ____may suffer from weak or soft bone tissues
Vitamin D
This activity for pregnant prevents constipation and reduces back pain
reduce the risk of complications such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, or cesarean delivery
Moderate exercise
These are vitamins or minerals that are needed in small quantities but have a profound negative effect if absent.
Micronutrients
A tranquilizer called _____ was banned after it was found to have caused stunted or missing limbs, severe facial deformities, and defective organs in some 12,000 babies
thalidomide
It is a condition caused by Opioids taken by the mother during pregnancy in which newborns may show sleep disturbances, tremors, difficulty regulating their bodies, irritability and crying, diarrhea, fever, and feeding difficulties.
neonate abstinence syndrome
It is a condition caused by alcohol taken by the mother during pregnancy. It is characterized by a combination of retarted growth, face and body malformations, and disorders of the central nervous system. In infancy, reduces responsiveness to stimuli, slows reaction time, and reduces visual acuity (sharpness of vision)
Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
This can cause low birth weight ; still birth; small head circumference; sudden infant death; colic (uncontrollable, extended crying for no apparent reason)
Nicotine
It slightly increased the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth, and low birth weight in mothers who consume ______ while pregnant
caffeine
this teratogen will cause low birth weight, preterm delivery, difficult births, and admission into neonatal intensive care
associated with decreases in academic achievement and alter brain development—affect the frontal lobe functioning
marijuana
this teratogen will cause spontaneous abortion,premature labor, low birth weight, birth defects, (papabilisn nya na lahat)
and impaired neurological development
Withdrawal symptoms during birth
Cocaine
Exposure of this to a pregnant woman is implicated in neonatal neurobehavioral abnormalities, such as quality of movement, lethargy, stress, and arousal.
Methamphetamine:
If an expectant mother has this virus in her blood, perinatal transmission may occur. The virus may cross over to the fetus’s bloodstream through the placenta during pregnancy, labor, or delivery or, after birth, through breast milk.
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV)
If contracted by a woman before her 11th week of pregnancy, is almost certain to cause cleft palate, deafness, and heart defects.
Rubella (Germa Measles)
It is a prenatal disease caused by a parasite in the bodies of cattle, sheep, and pigs and the intestinal tracts of cats, typically produce either no symptoms or symptoms like those of the common cold
Toxoplasmosis-
Moderate maternal_____may even spur the organization of the developing brain
anxiety
Kapag may _____ yung buntis di nya nabibigyan ng bloodflow and nutrition yung bata dahil sa fight or flight response and mas napupunta lang sa mother yung nutrients
chronic stress
Women aged _ to__ are more likely to suffer complications due to diabetes, high blood pressure, or severe bleeding. There is also a higher risk of premature delivery, retarded (slow) fetal growth, birth defect, and chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down Syndrome.
30 to 35
______ mothers tend to have premature or underweight babies—perhaps because a young girl’s still-growing body consumes vital nutrients the fetus needs or, more likely because of inadequate or missing prenatal care
Adolescent
Fetal exposure to low levels of environmental toxins, such as lead, mercury, and dioxin, as well as nicotine and ethanol, may help explain the sharp rise in asthma and autoimmune disorders such as ____
lupus
The effect of _____ interferes with cell division, mamatay yung mga cells agad and yung certain parts ng DNA. It has same effect with chemotherapy
radiation
A man’s exposure to lead, marijuana or tobacco smoke, large amounts of alcohol or radiation, DES pesticides, or high ozone levels may result in _____
abnormal of poor quality sperm
