Diagnostic Exam Ratio (Ms. Gabrielle) Flashcards by Rics RPm2024

A type of twins where fetuses share 1 placenta

Monozygotic or identical twins

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A chromosomal abnormality where a child has 3 pairs of chromosomes in their 21st pair of chromosomes

Down syndrome

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An extra X chromosome that causes physical abnormalities in men. Their sex assigned at birth is men but they have feminine features

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)

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An abnormality in the X chromosomes can cause intellectual disability, learning disability, and short attention span

Fragile X Syndrome

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A missing X chromosome in females can cause intellectual disability and sexual underdevelopment

Turner Syndrome (XO)

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An extra chromosome Y can cause above-average height

XYY syndrome(Jacob’s Syndrome)

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It means “quick birth”. It is also called the love hormone and plays an important role in reproduction, feelings of attraction, and bonding with our babies.

Oxytocin

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What vitamin is crucial in preventing major birth defects of the brain (e.g., anencephaly) and spine (e.g., spina bifida)

Folic Acid

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fetus’ age of viability (able to live outside the mother’s womb) starts as early as

22 weeks or 5 months

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During childbirth, After the head appears (crowns), the baby passes through the_____

vagina

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What are the stages of Childbirth?

Stage 1—Dilation of Cervix
Stage 2—Descent and Emergence of the Baby
Stage 3— Expulsion of Placenta

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The shortest stage of the childbirth is____

Stage 3 Expulsion of Placenta

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is widely used to assess the health of newborns at one and five minutes after birth.

APGRAR scale

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What is the meaning of the acronym APGAR?

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration

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a condition that occurs when infants stop breathing, usually during the night, and die suddenly without any apparent reason.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

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It is caused by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria, which live in soil and dust. It can cause muscle weakness, with signs like poor sucking, a weak cry, constipation, and decreased muscle tone (floppiness).

Infant botulism

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Why babies younger than 1 year old should never be given honey or any processed foods that contain honey (like honey graham crackers).

because this may contain Clostridium botulinum bacteria, harmless to older kids and adults. Their mature digestive systems can move the toxins through the body before they cause harm.

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It involves vowel-like sounds such as ‘oooooh’ and ‘aaaaah’. Babies around 6-8 weeks do that when they are content and often in response to being spoken to in a happy voice.

cooing

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Infants enter a period of _______ between about 4 and 6 months, repeating consonant-vowel combinations such as ‘baba’ or ‘dadadada’,

babbling

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Children sometimes overextend the rules to words that are exceptions-a type of error called ______“My toy car breaked” and “We each got two foots” are expressions that appear between ages 2 and 3

overregularization

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It often includes behaviors such as rocking, hand-flapping, jumping, or repetitive speech and is not something exclusive to those with autism.

STIMMING

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A type of skills that involve the muscles of the fingers, hands, and wrists, and, to a lesser extent, toes, feet, and ankles. It helps develop dexterity (skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands.) precision and control

FINE MOTOR SKILLS

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A type of skill that involves large muscles and whole body or limb movements. It helps develop balance, coordination, and strength

GROSS MOTOR SKILLS

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It involves building schemes through direct interaction with the environment.
It consists of two complementary activities, assimilation and accommodation.

Adaptation

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we use our current schemes to interpret new experiences in the external world. It also involves extending the existing grasping scheme to new objects illustrating ______

assimilation

In _______, we create new schemes or adjust/modify old ones after noticing that our current ways of thinking do not capture the environment completely

accommodation,

.One major view of Freud was that the personality of an individual is developed in the first _____ years of one's life and after that, you only live with it and play within its constraints.

6 years

The theory of this person is centered on our internal relationships with others. According to this person's theory, our lifelong relationship skills are strongly rooted in our early attachments with our parents, especially our mothers.

Melanie Klein's Object Relations

According to Melanie Klein, our personality develops in our early attachments with our parents, especially our mothers during the first_____months after birth.

4 to 6

A Pattern of attachment in which an infant readily separates from the parent seeks proximity when stressed, and uses the parent as a safe base for exploration.

Secure

A pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids contact with the parent and shows no preference for the parent over other people

Anxious-avoidant/Dismissive

The child shows little exploration and is wary of strangers. Greatly upset when separated from their mother, but not reassured by their mother's return or her efforts at comforting them. The child both seeks and avoids contact at different times. May show anger toward mother at reunion, and resists both comfort from and contact with strangers. (nangyayari kapag inconsistent si caregiver)

Anxious-Ambivalent/Resistant

a pattern of attachment in which an infant seems confused or apprehensive and shows contradictory behavior, such as moving toward the mother while looking away from her. Also known as fearful-avoidant. Most of these children ay distressed or naka experience ng abuse and mistreatment

Disorganized/disoriented

It is a type of Bartholomew's Two-dimensional model of attachment where a person is comfortable with intimacy and autonomy in close relationships (i.e healthy boundaries, mutual trust, and support)

secure

It is a type of Bartholomew's Two-dimensional model of attachment where a person is compulsively self-reliant, distant in relationships, and downplays the importance of intimate relationship

Anxious-Avoidant/Dismissive

It is a type of Bartholomew's Two-dimensional model of attachment where a person is overtly invested in a close relationship. Dependent on others for self-worth, constant fear of abandonment, demanding and needy

Ambivalent-Anxious/resistant/preoccupied

It is a type of Bartholomew's Two-dimensional model of attachment where a person doesn't trust others or themselves in relationships. They desire intimacy but also avoid it due to fear of rejection, and they have low esteem

Disorganized/Disoriented

In this stage of cognitive development, infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences (such as seeing and hearing) with physical, motoric actions

Sensorimotor stage

In this stage of cognitive development, Preschool children use symbols to represent their earlier sensorimotor discoveries. Development of language and make-believe play takes place. But their thinking is not yet logical; they are egocentric (unable to take others' perspectives) and are easily fooled by perceptions, failing conservation problems because they cannot rely on logical operations.

Preoperational stage

In this stage of cognitive development, Children's reasoning becomes logical and better organized. They can solve practical, real-world problems through a trial-and-error approach but have difficulty with hypothetical and abstract problems

Concrete operational stage

In this stage of cognitive development, adolescents can think about abstract concepts and purely hypothetical possibilities and can trace the long-range consequences of possible actions. With age and experience, they can form hypotheses and systematically test them using the scientific method

Formal operational stage

In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory, it is the most direct interactions with social agents take place with parents, trends, and teachers, for example. Contexts within it include the person's family, peers, school, and neighborhood.

Microsystems

In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory, provides connections across microsystems because what happens in one microsystem is likely to influence others.

Mesosystem

In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory, consists of contexts that children and adolescents are not a part, of but that may influence their development

Exosystem

In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory, it contains the values and beliefs of the culture in which a child is growing up.

Macrosystem

In Bronfenbrenner's bioecological theory, Consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course

Chronosystem

This person proposed the idea of the social clock to help explain aging.

Bernice Neugarten

It refers to the time at which males experience their first ejaculation.

.Spermarche

It is also known as semenarche

Spermarche

This person proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swing

G. Stanley Hall

As per Hall, what are the 3 key difficulties of adolescence?

* conflict with parents * mood disruptions * risk behavior.

This person is the proponent of identity status theory

James Marcia

This person studied the self-images of adolescents 73 percent of the adolescents displayed a healthy self-image.

Daniel Offer

______is about who you're attracted to and who you feel drawn to romantically, emotionally, and sexually.

Sexual orientation

Refers to the ability to mask and assume a variety of personalities, allowing one to speak and act freely with little or no consequence, particularly prevalent on the Internet

MARDI GRAS PHENOMENON

These are different cognitive frameworks for understanding how a sexual experience is supposed to proceed and how sexual experiences

SEXUAL SCRIPTS

They most commonly report an overall positive experience - feeling excitement, satisfaction, and happiness, and they take pride in telling their friends about their first sexual encounter.

Boys

Emerging Adulthood was coined by?

Jeffrey Arnett

Arnett explains that ______have left adolescence but are still a considerable distance from taking on adult responsibilities.

emerging adults

A feature of emerging adulthood where a person feels neither adolescent nor adult

Feeling in between

A feature of emerging adulthood where a person explores so much, especially in love, work, and worldview

Identity exploration

A feature of emerging adulthood where a person is not self-centered but lacks obligations to others

Self-focused

A feature of emerging adulthood where a person frequently changes in living arrangements, relationships, education, and work

Instability

A feature of emerging adulthood where a person able to choose among multiple life directions

Possibilities

What is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

What are the 2 general categories of HPV?

asymptomatic infections and genital warts.

A category of HPV often results in itching, irritation, and bleeding. Moreover, the virus is strongly associated with cervical cancer,

Genital Warts

It is the second most common STI and also the leading cause of female infertility, in part because if left untreated it can develop into pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which in turn causes infertility.

Chlamydia

In Abnormal Psych history, this disorder in the past is caused by late-stage Syphilis

general paresis also known as general paralysis of the insane (GPI),

It is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It can lead to serious mental disorders and death if not treated in the early stage

Syphilis

The virus typically enters the body through the rectum, vagina, or penis, during anal or vaginal intercourse. Another common form of transmission is through shared needles among intravenous drug users.

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus

Untreated, HIV typically turns into…….

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

When _______ occurs, your system has been severely damaged. You'll be more likely to develop diseases that wouldn't usually cause illness in a person with a healthy immune system.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

The most compelling theory of romantic love comes from_______

Robert Sternberg,

A component of the theory of love that involves feelings of closeness and emotional attachment. It includes mutual understanding, mutual support, and open communication about issues not discussed with anyone else.

Intimacy

A component of the theory of love that involves physical attraction and sexual desire. It is emotional as well as physical and may involve intense emotions such as anxiety, delight, anger, and jealousy.

Passion

A component of the theory of love that involves the pledge to love someone over the long run, through the ups and downs that are often part of love._______is what sustains a long-term relationship through fluctuations in passion and intimacy.

Commitment

A type of love in which intimacy or liking component is present but feelings of passion or commitment in the romantic sense are missing

Friendship/Liking

A type of love in which it is characterized by feelings of lust and physical passion w/o liking and commitment. There has not been enough time for a deeper sense of intimacy, romantic love, or consummate love to develop

infatuation

A type of love in which it is characterized by commitment without passion or intimacy. At times a strong love deteriorates into this. An arranged marriage may start with this

Empty Love

In this type of love, commitment, and passion are present while intimacy or liking is absent

Fatuous love

A type of love that bonds people emotionally through intimacy and physical passion but commitment or future plans are still undecided

Romantic Love

A type of love that is intimate but not passionate sort of love. It includes the intimacy or liking component and the commitment component of the triangle, It is stronger than friendship/liking because there is long-term commitment but there is no minimal or sexual desire. This can be seen in marriages where the passion has died but there is minimal or no sexual desire. This may also viewed as the love between family members and close friends

Companionate Love

A type of love that is made up of all 3 components and is a total form of love. It represents an ideal relationship.

Consummate Love

In_____, jealousy is focused on the loss of the men's commitment, time, and investment in them, as it implies emotional attachment to someone else.

women

In_____, jealousy is elicited by suspicion or evidence of sexual infidelity, likely functioning as an evolved mechanism to guard against paternity uncertainty.

men

One of the key assumptions of a life-span perspective in that Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of development through the life span.

Development is multidisciplinary

One of the key assumptions of a life-span perspective is that all development occurs within a context or setting. Contexts include families, neighborhoods, schools, peer groups, work settings, churches, university laboratories, cities, countries, and so on.

Development is contextual.

What are the Stages of Dying by Kubler Ross?

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance