COGNITIVE Flashcards
This theory is regarded as a cornerstone in the field of developmental psychology
Cognitive Development Theory
This person developed a theory of cognitive development by observing his own children’s behavior on certain tasks during infancy and childhood.
Jean Piaget
This activity will help children to develop a more accurate picture of their surroundings and greater competence in dealing with them
By interacting with the environment
it is the building block of knowledge.
schema
ways of organizing information about the world. It is the internal reprsentation sa isang bagay or prior knowledge
schema
It is the concept under Piaget where it it defines as the collection of categories of how the world works
schema
It is a cognitive growth process where a child creates categories of schemas
Organization
It is Piaget’s term for how children handle new information in light of what they already know
Adaptation
It is one of the complementary processes of adaptation where the child fits new experience into prior knowledge
EX: My nephew, Marc, thinks that I am his mother too because his mom and I have the same body features.
Assimilation
Process kung saan napag iisa ng bata yung alam niyang schema sa currently na schema na nakita nya
Assimilation
It is a conflict created when new situations cannot be assimilated. i.e an existing schema is unable to handle environmental demand leads to Accommodation
Disequilibrium
This happens with the new experience of the child, malalaman nya na separate or magkaiba ito sa alam niyang schema. In this process modifying na ito ng maling schema
Example: Ate Andrea will say, “No, Marc she’s not your mother, she’s your rich tita”.
Accommodation
This is the process of balancing assimilation and accomadation to create schemes that fit the environment. This is a proper balance at naitama yung kaalaman ng bata
Equilibration
This is a stage of cognitive development and during this stage, babies develop their first schemas using their SENSES kaya imporante na wag natin silang ilapit sa mga bagay bagay-bagay especially sa sharp objects dahil ma-aad pa lang sa schema nila na nakaksugat ang kutsilyo kapag nagamit na nila yung senses nila.
Sensorimotor stage
This is the ability of the baby when they can know that the object still exists even out of sight
Object permanence
In this stage of cognitive development, the child develops a representation system and uses symbols: imitation, symbolic, and mental imagery
Preoperational Stage
In this stage of Cognitive development, they are not capable of conservation of object
Preoperational stage
It is a type of symbolic function of a child in the preoperational stage, where the child has a belief that inanimate objects have human feelings and intentions
Animism
It is a type of symbolic function of a child in the preoperational stage where the child is unable to see a situation from another POV, not because they are selfish but because they just can’t understand the POV of other people
Egocentrism
It is a type of intuitive function of a child in the preoperational stage where the child is focusing only on the salient aspect of a situation and neglects possible relevant events
Centration
It is a type of intuitive function of a child in the preoperational stage where the child is unable to understand that quantities remain constant even when they change shape
Lack of Conservation
This is the stage of cognitive development where a child can solve problems logically about concrete events only
Concrete Operational
This is the stage of cognitive development where the child understands the principle of conservation or the principle that irrelevant changes in the external appearance of the objects do not affect the object’s quantity.
Concrete Operational
Enumerate the advances of a child in the Concrete operational stage
spatial thinking, categorization, seriation, number&mathematics
In this stage of cognitive development, a person can think abstractly, deal with hypothetical situations, and think about possibilities
Formal Operational Stage
In this stage of cognitive development, a person is capable of symbolic abstractions of algebra, literary criticism, and the use of metaphor in literature
Formal Operational Stage
The Russian psychologist________ focused on the social and cultural processes that guide children’s cognitive development in his sociocultural theory.
Lev Semenovich Vygotsky
In this theory pino-point out na malaki ang influence ng mga socialization ng mga bata sa mga taong skilled para sa development ng bata sa cognitive at mga ability nito.
Socio-Cultural Theory
Vygotsky’s theory of how contextual factors affect children’s development through _____ such as media, books, people, and the internet
culture
According to Socio-cultural theory, people learn through_____
social interaction
According to Socio-cultural theory, ______ helps children internalize their society’s modes of thinking and behaving
Shared activities
________is not merely an expression of knowledge but an essential tool for learning and thinking about the world.
Language
According to Vygotsky,_____ or _____must help direct and organize a child’s learning.
adults or more advanced peers
According to Vygotsky, guidance is most effective in helping children cross the_______
zone of proximal development (ZPD)
In socio-cultural theory, It is the gap between what they are already able to do by themselves and what they can accomplish with assistance
zone of proximal development (ZPD
In socio-cultural theory, Ito yung temporary guide ng mga adult sa mga bata para magawa nila yung task at makalampas sila sa Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) papunta Zone of actual development (ZAD). Guidance and assistance lang ang ginagawa hindi yung buong task ng bata.
Scaffolding
Read the situation and define what process is this in Socio-cultural theory.
Yung pag guide sa bata na iopen yung jar. Parang ipapakita mo at igaguide sila. Kapag nagawa nila yung pag-open with your help nasa ZPD na sila. After ilang days nakita mo na nabuksan niya na ito without assistance, ibigsabihin ay nalampasan nya na yung ZPD at nasa ZAD na siya.
Scaffolding
Vygotsky believed that ___often occurs in the ZPD, pushing children’s abilities to their limits.
play
Who is the theorist who has the idea that intelligence tests might allow testers to offer hints to children who are having trouble answering a question, thereby focusing on that child’s potential learning?
Yung pag measure ng intelligence ay sa pag guide sa mga bata if kaya nilang masagutan yung mas advance with guidance of more advance person. Kapag adavnce yung natutunan nila, mas advance yung intelligence nila
Vygotskian tradition/ Vygotsky
seeks to explain cognitive development by analyzing the processes involved in making sense of incoming information and performing tasks effectively.
Such processes as attention, memory, planning, strategies, decision-making, and goal-setting
information-processing approach
Some information-processing theorists compare the brain to a _____
computer
It is also called certain outputs in the information processing approach
sensory impressions
It is also called certain outputs in the information processing approach
behavior
They are interested in what happens in the middle. Why does the same input sometimes result in different outputs?
Information-processing theorists
They have developed computational models or flowcharts that analyze the specific steps people go through in gathering, storing, retrieving, and using information.
some information-processing researchers
information-processing theorists view development as
continuous
This approach notes age-related increases in the speed, complexity, and efficiency of mental processing and in
the variety of material that can be stored in memory
information-processing approach
This approach can be used by assessing certain
aspects of infant information processing, researchers can estimate an infant’s later intelligence. It enables parents and teachers to help children learn by making them more aware of their mental processes and of strategies to enhance them.
information processing approach
Psychologists often use________models to test, diagnose, and treat learning problems
information-processing
