Infancy: Cognitive Development Flashcards
This approach covers the Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning
BEHAVIORIST APPROACH
Learning that is based on associating a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a response with another stimulus that does elicit the response. Enables infants to anticipate an event before it happens.
Classical Conditioning
Focuses on the consequences of behaviors and how they affect the likelihood of that behavior occurring again.
Operant Conditioning
A Behavior that is goal-oriented and adaptive to circumstances and conditions of life.
Intelligent Behavior
Psychometric tests seek to measure intelligence by comparing a test taker’s performance with standardized norms.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Because babies cannot tell us what they know and how they think, the most obvious way to gauge their intelligence is by assessing ______
what they can do
A Developmental test designed to assess children from 1 month to 3½ years. Scores indicate a child’s competencies in each of five developmental areas:
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bailey-III)
Areas that are measured by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior.
Separate scores for each scale. Most commonly used for the early detection of emotional disturbances and sensory, neurological, and environmental deficits.
Developmental Quotients (DQ)
An Instrument to measure the influence of the home environment on children’s cognitive growth.
- Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME
What are the six subscales of Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME
- the number of books and appropriate materials in the home,
- the parent’s involvement with the child,
- prenatal emotional and verbal responsiveness,
- acceptance of the child’s behavior,
- organization of the environment, and
- opportunities for daily and varied stimulation
It is a systematic process of planning and providing therapeutic and educational services for families that need help in meeting infants’, toddlers, and preschool children’s developmental needs
Early intervention
These programs involve full-day, year-round early childhood education from infancy through the preschool years as well as family-oriented social services, early childhood education, medical care and services, and family education on child development
Early intervention
The most effective early interventions are those that ___and continue throughout the preschool years;
start early
During this stage, under Jean Piaget (birth to approximately age 2), infants learn about themselves and their world through their developing sensory and motor activity. Senses integrated into their motor functioning
Sensorimotor stage
Intelligence in this approach is thus measured by how an infant uses their body to manipulate/influence their environment to get what they want and need (goal-oriented behavior)
Piagetian Approach
It is an organized pattern of thought and behavior. Becomes more elaborate as the infant develops
schemes
A term that is used when an infant learns to reproduce events originally discovered by chance.
Circular reactions
an activity such as sucking produces an enjoyable sensation that the baby wants to repeat.—sucking feels good so uulitin nya, is an example of?
Circular reactions
What are the substages of the Sensorimotor stage?
First Substage (Uses of Reflexes)
Second Substage -(Primary Circular Reactions)
Third Substage - (Secondary Circular Reactions)(
- Fourth Substage - (Coordination of Secondary Schemes)
Fifth substage - (Tertiary Circular Reactions
Sixth Substage - (Mental Combinations)(
A substage of sensorimotor is when neonates practice their reflexes, engaging in behavior even when its normal stimulus is not present.-
First Substage (Uses of Reflexes)
It is a substage of sensorimotor in which babies learn to repeat purposely a pleasant bodily sensation first achieved by chance
Second Substage -(Primary Circular Reactions)
A substage of sensorimotor is when babies coincide with a new interest in manipulating objects and learning about their properties
-Babies intentionally repeat an action not merely for its own sake, as in the second substage, but to get results beyond the infant’s own body
Third Substage - (Secondary Circular Reactions)
a baby this substage of sensorimotor might repeatedly shake a rattle to hear the noise.
Third Substage - (Secondary Circular Reactions)
A substage of sensorimotor is when babies have learned to generalize from experience to solve new problems
Coordination of Secondary Schemes
A substage of sensorimotor is when babies modify and coordinate previous schemes, such as the schemes for crawling, pushing, and grabbing, to find one that works
Fourth Substage - (Coordination of Secondary Schemes)
A substage of sensorimotor is when babies begin to experiment with new behavior to see what will happen.
Fifth Substage (Tertiary circular reactions)
This substage of sensorimotor marks the development of complex, goal-directed behavior
Fourth Substage - (Coordination of Secondary Schemes)
- varying an action to get a similar result, rather than merely repeating pleasing behavior they have accidentally discovered.
Fifth Substage (Tertiary circular reactions)
A toddler may squeeze a rübber duck that squeaked when stepped on, to see whether it will squeak again
By trial and error, they try behaviors until they find the best way to attain a goal.
Fifth Substage (Tertiary circular reactions)
A substage of sensorimotor in which a transition to the preoperational stage of early childhood— may idea na sa consequence na gagawin nila
Sixth Substage - (Mental Combinations)
the ability to mentally represent objects and actions in memory, largely through symbols such as words, numbers, and mental pictures that frees toddlers from immediate experience
Representational Ability
____is the reproduction of an observed behavior with time. According to Piaget, infants can’t do this because their Long-term memory is not yet developed
Deferred Imitation
Piaget believed that children under______months could not engage in deferred imitation, a more complex ability requiring long-term memory
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