Infancy Physical Development

Question 1

It is a principle which states that growth starts from the top part of the body (i.e., brain to foot)

Answer 1

Cephalocaudal Principle

Question 2

It is a principle that states that growth proceeds from the center of the body outward (e.g., Palm (grasping) to fingers)

Answer 2

Proximodistal Principle

Question 3

When does teething begin?

Answer 3

3-4 months

Question 4

When do actual teeth arrive in an infant?

Answer 4

5 to 9 months

Question 5

The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is _______based on either cow’s milk or soy protein

Answer 5

Iron-Fortified Formula

Question 6

Babies should consume ___ but milk during the first 6 months of life

Answer 6

nothing

Question 7

It is caused by severe protein-calorie deficiency and results in wasting away of body tissues in the infant’s first year

Answer 7

Marasmus

Question 8

It is caused by severe protein deficiency, usually appears between 1 and 3 years of age

Answer 8

Kwashiorkor

Question 9

Children with _____ sometimes appear to be well-fed even though they are not because the disease can cause the child’s abdomen and feet to swell with water

Answer 9

kwashiorkor

Question 10

At what age did a child have an adult-sized brain?

Answer 10

6 years old

Question 11

This term states that brain’s growth occurs in fits and starts

Answer 11

Brain Growth Spurts –

Question 12

By birth, ____ and _____have nearly run their course (responsible for breathing, heart rate, temp, and sleep-wake cycle)

Answer 12

spinal cord and brain stem

Question 13

This part of the brain grows the fastest during the first year of life. It maintains balance and motor coordination. That’s why newborn babies cannot walk

Answer 13

Cerebellum

Question 14

It is the largest part of the brain, and is divided into right and left halves or hemispheres each with specialized functions (lateralizations)

Answer 14

Cerebrum

Question 15

This term is the specialization of the hemispheres

Answer 15

Lateralization

Question 16

This hemisphere is concerned with language and logical thinking

Answer 16

Left Hemisphere

Question 17

This hemisphere concerned with visual and spatial functions

Answer 17

Right Hemisphere

Question 18

A tough band of tissue that joins the two hemispheres allows them to share info and coordinate commands

Answer 18

Corpus Callosum

Question 19

The smallest; is concerned with visual processing

Answer 19

Occipital

Question 20

A lobe of the brain involved with integrating sensory info from the body; movement and manipulation of the object

Answer 20

Parietal

Question 21

A lobe of the brain which interprets smells and sounds and is involved in memory

Answer 21

Temporal

Question 22

A lobe of the brain involved in high-order processes such as reasoning and problem-solving

Answer 22

Frontal Lobe

Question 23

the outer surface of the cerebrum; grows rapidly in the first few months and is mature by age 6 months

Answer 23

Cerebral Cortex

Question 24

It begins at about the third trimester of gestation and continues until at least the 4th year of life

Answer 24

Brain Growth Spurt

Question 25

It sends and receives info in the brain

Answer 25

Neurons

Question 26

It nourishes and protects the neurons

Answer 26

Glia or Glial Cells

Question 27

It sends signals to other neurons

Answer 27

Axon

Question 28

It receives incoming messages

Answer 28

Dendrites

Question 29

A tiny gaps that are bridged with the help of chemicals

Answer 29

Synapses

Question 30

Neurons that control various groups of muscles coordinate their activities

Answer 30

Integration

Question 31

A neuron that takes on a specific, specialized structure and function

Answer 31

Differentiation

Question 32

pruning of cells which is a way to calibrate the developing brain to the local environment and help it work more efficiently, beings during the prenatal period and continues after birth

Answer 32

Cell Death

Question 33

It is the normal elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient functioning

Answer 33

Cell Death

Question 34

acts as an insulator for the neurons (kapag wala ito mag sshort circuit ang mga neurons at hindi efficient ang pag transfer ng information)

Answer 34

Myelin Sheath

Question 35

enables signals to travel faster and more smoothly by coating the neural pathways with myelin

Answer 35

Myelination

Question 36

A concept that states that biological processes and environmental conditions influence development, the brain is plastic, and the child’s cognitive development is closely linked to the development of the brain

Answer 36

Neuroconstructivist View

Question 37

This is an automatic, innate response to stimulation which is controlled by the lower brain centers that govern involuntary processes

Answer 37

Reflex Behavior

Question 38

These reflexes are related to instinctive needs for survival and protection or may support the early connection to the caregiver

Answer 38

Primitive reflexes

Question 39

Reflexes used for reactions to changes in position or balance

Answer 39

Postural Reflexes

Question 40

A reflex that resembles voluntary movements that do not appear until months after the reflexes have disappeared

Answer 40

Locomotor Reflex

Question 41

when do early reflexes disappear?

Answer 41

during the first 6-12 months

Question 42

A reflex where a baby extends legs, arms, and fingers, arches back, draw back head

Answer 42

Moro

Question 43

A reflex which makes strong first

Answer 43

Darwinian (Grasping)

Question 44

A Fencer Position

Answer 44

Tonic Neck

Question 45

A reflex where a baby's mouth opens, eyes close, neck flexes, and head tilts forward

Answer 45

Babkin

Question 46

A reflex is where a baby's toes fan out; the foot twists in

Answer 46

Babinski

Question 47

A reflex where a baby's head turns, mouth opens, sucking begins

Answer 47

Rooting

Question 48

A reflex where a baby does Steplike motions

Answer 48

Walking

Question 49

A reflex where the baby does a swimming movement

Answer 49

Swimming

Question 50

This concept states that modifiability or “molding of the brain through experience

Answer 50

Plasticity

Question 51

It is the first sense to develop; for the first several months, it is the most mature sensory system

Answer 51

Sense of touch

Question 52

Newborns can and do feel this feeling

Answer 52

pain

Question 53

The senses of ___ and ___begin to develop in the womb

Answer 53

smell and taste

Question 54

Newborns strongly dislike this taste

Answer 54

bitter

Question 55

It develops rapidly after birth

Answer 55

Auditory discrimination

Question 56

the least developed sense at birth

Answer 56

sight

Question 57

It is the use of both eyes to focus, and does not develop until 4-5 months

Answer 57

Binocular Vision

Question 58

This is a concept in which the sensory stimulation is changing but the perception of the physical world remains constant.

Answer 58

Perceptual Constancy

Question 59

This is a concept in which the recognition of an infant to object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object

Answer 59

Size Constancy

Question 60

This is a concept in which the object remains the same shape even though its orientation changes

Answer 60

Shape constancy

Question 61

In the first two months of postnatal development, infants don’t perceive __________as complete instead only perceive what is visible

Answer 61

occluded objects

Question 62

Beginning at about_____ of age, infants develop the ability to perceive that occluded objects are whole

Answer 62

2 months

Question 63

This activity restores, replenishes, and rebuilds our brains and bodies

Answer 63

Sleep

Question 64

In this perspective, all animals sleep and this sleep is necessary for survival (to protect themselves at night)

Answer 64

Evolutionary Perspective

Question 65

In this perspective, sleep replenishes and rebuilds the brain and the body such as clearing out neural tissues

Answer 65

Restorative Perspective

Question 66

In this perspective, sleep is critical for brain plasticity, i.e., increases synaptic connections between neurons which is linked to improved consolidation of memories

Answer 66

Plasticity Perspective

Question 67

Newborns sleep approx. ____/day

Answer 67

18 hrs

Question 68

It is an increasingly complex combination of motor skills that permits a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment In learning to walk, an infant gains control of separate movements of arms, legs, and feet before putting these movements together to take the momentous first step

Answer 68

System Action

Question 69

It is used to chart progress between ages 1 month and 6 years and to identify children who are not developing normally.

Answer 69

Denver Developmental Screening Test

Question 70

This is one of the measures of Denver Developmental Screening Tests that measures those using large muscles; such as rolling over and catching a ball,

Answer 70

gross motor skills

Question 71

This is one of the measures of Denver Developmental Screening Tests that measure those using small muscles hand-eye coordination), such as grasping a rattle and copying a circle. (fingers)

Answer 71

fine motor skills

Question 72

This is one of the measures of Denver Developmental Screening Tests that measure the definitions of words

Answer 72

language development

Question 73

It helps babies learn to judge distances and perceive depth

Answer 73

Crawling

Question 74

The ability of babies to learn to look at caregivers for clues as to whether a situation is secure or frightening

Answer 74

Social Referencing

Question 75

It enables infants to learn about themselves and their environment so they can make better judgments about how to navigate it

Answer 75

Sensory Perception

Question 76

It is the term for using the eyes of an infant to guide the movement of the hands or other parts of the body

Answer 76

Visual Guidance

Question 77

Clumsy corrective movements are more likely to illustrate immature _____development

Answer 77

cerebellar

Question 78

the ability to perceive objects and surfaces in three dimensions

Answer 78

depth Perception

Question 79

It is produced by the movement of the objects, the observer or both

Answer 79

Kinetic cues

Question 80

To find out whether the object is moving, a baby might hold their____still for momentum an ability that is well established by about 3 months

Answer 80

head

Question 81

It involves the ability of an infant to acquire information by handling objects rather than just looking at them

Answer 81

Haptic Perception

Question 82

dynamic process that is linked with sensory information in the skin, joints, and muscles which tell infants where they are in space

Answer 82

Posture

Question 83

This concept states that we directly perceive info that exists in the world around us

Answer 83

Gibson's Ecological View:

Question 84

These are opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform activities

Answer 84

Affordances

Question 85

It holds that motor development is a dynamic process of active coordination of multiple systems in infants about the environment

Answer 85

Dynamic System Theory

Question 86

Who is the proponent of dynamic System Theory?

Answer 86

Esther Thelen

Question 87

Who is the proponent of the Ecological Theory of Perception: Theory

Answer 87

Elanor and James Gibson