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Developmental Psychology > Infancy Physical Development > Flashcards

Infancy Physical Development Flashcards

1
Q

It is a principle which states that growth starts from the top part of the body (i.e., brain to foot)

A

Cephalocaudal Principle

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2
Q

It is a principle that states that growth proceeds from the center of the body outward (e.g., Palm (grasping) to fingers)

A

Proximodistal Principle

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3
Q

When does teething begin?

A

3-4 months

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4
Q

When do actual teeth arrive in an infant?

A

5 to 9 months

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5
Q

The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is _______based on either cow’s milk or soy protein

A

Iron-Fortified Formula

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6
Q

Babies should consume ___ but milk during the first 6 months of life

A

nothing

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7
Q

It is caused by severe protein-calorie deficiency and results in wasting away of body tissues in the infant’s first year

A

Marasmus

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8
Q

It is caused by severe protein deficiency, usually appears between 1 and 3 years of age

A

Kwashiorkor

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9
Q

Children with _____ sometimes appear to be well-fed even though they are not because the disease can cause the child’s abdomen and feet to swell with water

A

kwashiorkor

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10
Q

At what age did a child have an adult-sized brain?

A

6 years old

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11
Q

This term states that brain’s growth occurs in fits and starts

A

Brain Growth Spurts –

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12
Q

By birth, ____ and _____have nearly run their course (responsible for breathing, heart rate, temp, and sleep-wake cycle)

A

spinal cord and brain stem

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13
Q

This part of the brain grows the fastest during the first year of life. It maintains balance and motor coordination. That’s why newborn babies cannot walk

A

Cerebellum

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14
Q

It is the largest part of the brain, and is divided into right and left halves or hemispheres each with specialized functions (lateralizations)

A

Cerebrum

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15
Q

This term is the specialization of the hemispheres

A

Lateralization

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16
Q

This hemisphere is concerned with language and logical thinking

A

Left Hemisphere

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17
Q

This hemisphere concerned with visual and spatial functions

A

Right Hemisphere

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18
Q

A tough band of tissue that joins the two hemispheres allows them to share info and coordinate commands

A

Corpus Callosum

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19
Q

The smallest; is concerned with visual processing

A

Occipital

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20
Q

A lobe of the brain involved with integrating sensory info from the body; movement and manipulation of the object

A

Parietal

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21
Q

A lobe of the brain which interprets smells and sounds and is involved in memory

A

Temporal

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22
Q

A lobe of the brain involved in high-order processes such as reasoning and problem-solving

A

Frontal Lobe

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23
Q

the outer surface of the cerebrum; grows rapidly in the first few months and is mature by age 6 months

A

Cerebral Cortex

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24
Q

It begins at about the third trimester of gestation and continues until at least the 4th year of life

A

Brain Growth Spurt

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25
Q

It sends and receives info in the brain

A

Neurons

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26
Q

It nourishes and protects the neurons

A

Glia or Glial Cells

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27
Q

It sends signals to other neurons

A

Axon

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28
Q

It receives incoming messages

A

Dendrites

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29
Q

A tiny gaps that are bridged with the help of chemicals

A

Synapses

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30
Q

Neurons that control various groups of muscles coordinate their activities

A

Integration

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31
Q

A neuron that takes on a specific, specialized structure and function

A

Differentiation

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32
Q

pruning of cells which is a way to calibrate the developing brain to the local environment and help it work more efficiently, beings during the prenatal period and continues after birth

A

Cell Death

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33
Q

It is the normal elimination of excess brain cells to achieve more efficient functioning

A

Cell Death

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34
Q

acts as an insulator for the neurons (kapag wala ito mag sshort circuit ang mga neurons at hindi efficient ang pag transfer ng information)

A

Myelin Sheath

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35
Q

enables signals to travel faster and more smoothly by coating the neural pathways with myelin

A

Myelination

36
Q

A concept that states that biological processes and environmental conditions influence development, the brain is plastic, and the child’s cognitive development is closely linked to the development of the brain

A

Neuroconstructivist View

37
Q

This is an automatic, innate response to stimulation which is controlled by the lower brain centers that govern involuntary processes

A

Reflex Behavior

38
Q

These reflexes are related to instinctive needs for survival and protection or may support the early connection to the caregiver

A

Primitive reflexes

39
Q

Reflexes used for reactions to changes in position or balance

A

Postural Reflexes

40
Q

A reflex that resembles voluntary movements that do not appear until months after the reflexes have disappeared

A

Locomotor Reflex

41
Q

when do early reflexes disappear?

A

during the first 6-12 months

42
Q

A reflex where a baby extends legs, arms, and fingers, arches back, draw back head

A

Moro

43
Q

A reflex which makes strong first

A

Darwinian (Grasping)

44
Q

A Fencer Position

A

Tonic Neck

45
Q

A reflex where a baby’s mouth opens, eyes close, neck flexes, and head tilts forward

A

Babkin

46
Q

A reflex is where a baby’s toes fan out; the foot twists in

A

Babinski

47
Q

A reflex where a baby’s head turns, mouth opens, sucking begins

A

Rooting

48
Q

A reflex where a baby does Steplike motions

A

Walking

49
Q

A reflex where the baby does a swimming movement

A

Swimming

50
Q

This concept states that modifiability or “molding of the brain through experience

A

Plasticity

51
Q

It is the first sense to develop; for the first several months, it is the most mature sensory system

A

Sense of touch

52
Q

Newborns can and do feel this feeling

A

pain

53
Q

The senses of ___ and ___begin to develop in the womb

A

smell and taste

54
Q

Newborns strongly dislike this taste

A

bitter

55
Q

It develops rapidly after birth

A

Auditory discrimination

56
Q

the least developed sense at birth

A

sight

57
Q

It is the use of both eyes to focus, and does not develop until 4-5 months

A

Binocular Vision

58
Q

This is a concept in which the sensory stimulation is changing but the perception of the physical world remains constant.

A

Perceptual Constancy

59
Q

This is a concept in which the recognition of an infant to object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object

A

Size Constancy

60
Q

This is a concept in which the object remains the same shape even though its orientation changes

A

Shape constancy

61
Q

In the first two months of postnatal development, infants don’t perceive __________as complete instead only perceive what is visible

A

occluded objects

62
Q

Beginning at about_____ of age, infants develop the ability to perceive that occluded objects are whole

A

2 months

63
Q

This activity restores, replenishes, and rebuilds our brains and bodies

A

Sleep

64
Q

In this perspective, all animals sleep and this sleep is necessary for survival (to protect themselves at night)

A

Evolutionary Perspective

65
Q

In this perspective, sleep replenishes and rebuilds the brain and the body such as clearing out neural tissues

A

Restorative Perspective

66
Q

In this perspective, sleep is critical for brain plasticity, i.e., increases synaptic connections between neurons which is linked to improved consolidation of memories

A

Plasticity Perspective

67
Q

Newborns sleep approx. ____/day

A

18 hrs

68
Q

It is an increasingly complex combination of motor skills that permits a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment

In learning to walk, an infant gains control of separate movements of arms, legs, and feet before putting these movements together to take the momentous first step

A

System Action

69
Q

It is used to chart progress between ages 1 month and 6 years and to identify children who are not developing normally.

A

Denver Developmental Screening Test

70
Q

This is one of the measures of Denver Developmental Screening Tests that measures those using large muscles; such as rolling over and catching a ball,

A

gross motor skills

71
Q

This is one of the measures of Denver Developmental Screening Tests that measure those using small muscles hand-eye coordination), such as grasping a rattle and copying a circle. (fingers)

A

fine motor skills

72
Q

This is one of the measures of Denver Developmental Screening Tests that measure the definitions of words

A

language development

73
Q

It helps babies learn to judge distances and perceive depth

A

Crawling

74
Q

The ability of babies to learn to look at caregivers for clues as to whether a situation is secure or frightening

A

Social Referencing

75
Q

It enables infants to learn about themselves and their environment so they can make better judgments about how to navigate it

A

Sensory Perception

76
Q

It is the term for using the eyes of an infant to guide the movement of the hands or other parts of the body

A

Visual Guidance

77
Q

Clumsy corrective movements are more likely to illustrate immature _____development

A

cerebellar

78
Q

the ability to perceive objects and surfaces in three dimensions

A

depth Perception

79
Q

It is produced by the movement of the objects, the observer or both

A

Kinetic cues

80
Q

To find out whether the object is moving, a baby might hold their____still for momentum an ability that is well established by about 3 months

A

head

81
Q

It involves the ability of an infant to acquire information by handling objects rather than just looking at them

A

Haptic Perception

82
Q

dynamic process that is linked with sensory information in the skin, joints, and muscles which tell infants where they are in space

A

Posture

83
Q

This concept states that we directly perceive info that exists in the world around us

A

Gibson’s Ecological View:

84
Q

These are opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform activities

A

Affordances

85
Q

It holds that motor development is a dynamic process of active coordination of multiple systems in infants about the environment

A

Dynamic System Theory

86
Q

Who is the proponent of dynamic System Theory?

A

Esther Thelen

87
Q

Who is the proponent of the Ecological Theory of Perception: Theory

A

Elanor and James Gibson

Developmental Psychology (21 decks)

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