Infancy: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

______ such as fear are subjective reactions to experience that are associated with physiological and behavioral changes.-

Answer 1

Emotions

Question 2

_______ is the primary way in which infants communicate their needs and is considered to be an honest signal of need

Answer 2

Crying

Question 3

A pattern of infant crying where a rhythmic cry, which is not always associated with hunger
Consists of a cry, followed by a briefer silence, then a shorter whistle that is somewhat higher in pitch than the main cry, then another brief rest before the next cry.

Answer 3

The basic hunger cry

Question 4

A pattern of infant crying where there is a variation of the rhythmic cry, in which excess air is forced through the vocal cords

Answer 4

The Angry Cry

Question 5

A pattern of infant crying where a sudden onset of loud crying without preliminary moaning, sometimes followed by holding the breath

Answer 5

The pain cry

Question 6

A pattern of infant crying where a two or three drawn-out cries, with no prolonged breath-holding

Answer 6

The frustration cry

Question 7

The earliest faint smiles occurs ____ (random lang) soon after birth, apparently as a result of subcortical nervous system activity (during REM Sleeps)

Answer 7

spontaneously

Question 8

A type of smile of an infant when they gaze and smile at their parents, develops in the 2nd month of life signaling a positive participation in relationship.

Answer 8

Social

Question 9

______is a smile-linked vocalization that becomes more common between 4 and 12 months, when it may signify the most intense positive emotion

Answer 9

Laughter

Question 10

This behavior includes silly, nonverbal behaviors such as odd facial expressions or sounds, actions such as revealing a usually hidden body part (such as a belly button), and imitating another’s odd actions

Answer 10

Clowning

Question 11

infants smile at an object and then gaze at an adult while continuing to smile (8-10 months)
seems to be among the first types of communication in which the infant refers to an object or experience—parang sasabihin sa parents look then smile sila

Answer 11

Anticipatory Smiling

Question 12

is an orderly process in which complex emotions unfold from simpler ones–

Answer 12

Emotional Development

Question 13

A type of emotion which made up of contentment, interest, and distress soon after birth.

Answer 13

simple emotions

Question 14

A type of emotion which made up of joy, surprise, sadness, disgust, and then anger and fear–reactions to events that have meaning for the infant. This can be observed in the first 6 months.

Answer 14

true emotions

Question 15

the cognitive understanding that they have a recognizable identity, separate and different from the rest of their world

Answer 15

self-awareness

Question 16

_____is necessary before children can be aware of being the focus of attention, identify with what other “selves” are feeling, or wish they had what someone else has

Answer 16

self-awareness

Question 17

A type of emotion which made up of emotion which consist of embarrassment, empathy, and envy, arise only after children have developed self-awareness:

Answer 17

Self-conscious emotions (complicated emotions) -

Question 18

Emotions that depend on both self-awareness and knowledge of socially accepted standards of behavior. It consists of pride, guilt, and shame

Answer 18

Self-evaluative emotions

Question 19

Activity intended to help another person with no expectation of reward

Answer 19

Altruistic Behavior

Question 20

True or False. Altruistic Behavior Comes naturally to infants

Answer 20

True. By 15 months of age, infants also seemed to have expectations about fairness, as illustrated by their tendency to stare longer at an unfair distribution of good than at an equal distribution.—they have quantitative ability
those infants who looked the longest at the unequal sharing were also more likely to themselves share toys later—-kasi for them mali or weird kasi for them dapat equal at nagse-share.

Question 21

the ability to imagine how another person might feel in a particular situation

Answer 21

Empathy

Question 22

True or False. Empathy DOES NOT require theory of mind

Answer 22

False

Question 23

_____fire when a person does something but also when he or she observes someone else doing the same thing.

Answer 23

Mirror Neurons

Question 24

______helps to develop empathy dahil may shared goal and they will understand yung mga taong nakapaligid sakanya. Emotions ng adult ay napapasa sakanya

Answer 24

Collaborative activities

Question 25

____is the closely copying all actions they see an adult do even if some of the actions are clearly irrelevant or impractical

Answer 25

overimitation

Question 26

it is the characteritic decision or style of approaching and reacting situations, that is early appearing biological based. It affects how children react and approach to the outside world and how they regulate their mental, emotional, and behavioral functioning.

Answer 26

Temperament

Question 27

can be defined as an early-appearing, biologically based tendency to respond to the environment in predictable ways.

Answer 27

Temperament

Question 28

Unlike emotions such as fear, excitement, and boredom, which come and go, ____ is relatively consistent and enduring.

Answer 28

temperament

Question 29

True or False: Personality do not show up until a person can think properly

Answer 29

True

Question 30

True or False: Ang mga Babies ay di pa buo ang personality, temperament lang ang meron. Biologically based and naka wire sakanila yon, nasa katawan nila.

Answer 30

True