Developmental issues of Toddlers Flashcards
descriptive and evaluative mental picture of one’s abilities and traits. It describes what we know and feel about ourselves and guides our action
self-concept
By age of 3 months, toddlers to this as a sign of their self-awareness
pay attention to their mirror image
When infants learn to reach grasp and make things happen they experience sense of ____ the realization that they control external events
personal agency
This is the sense of being physical whole with boundaries separate from the rest of the world
self-coherence
conscious knowledge of the self as a distinct, identifiable being
Self-awareness
______emergence Builds on this dawning of perceptual distinction between self and others
Self-awareness can be tested by studying whether an infant recognizes his or her own image
Self-awareness
True or False. Once children can recognize themselves, they show a preference for looking at their own video image over an image of another child the same age
True
a form of symbolic play where children use objects, actions or ideas to represent other objects, actions, or ideas using their imaginations to assign roles to inanimate objects or people.
pretend play
True or False. Pretend play, which typically begins during the last half of the 2nd year, is an early indication of the ability to understand others’ mental states as well as the child’s own
True
True or False. Theory of mind is not required for pretend play
FALSE
True or False. children from autonomy-supporting cultural contexts, such as German and Indian urban samples, recognize themselves in a mirror earlier than do children from cultures stressing relatedness and interactional goals, such as Indian and so rural samples
True
Erikson’s second stage in psychosocial development, in which children achieve a balance between self-determination and control by others.
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
you want to do something kasi gusto mo gawin yoon di dahil sinabi ng iba
will
This is the tendency of the toddlers to try out their own ideas, exercise their own preferences, and make their own decisions by shouting no for resisting authority
negativism
is the process by which children develop habits, skills, values, and motives that make them responsible, productive members of society.
Socialization
- A child’s independent control of behavior to conform to a caregiver’s demands or expectations of her even the caregiver is not present.
Self-Regulation
True or False Self-regulation is the foundation of socialization, and it links all domains of development-physical, cognitive, emotional, and social.
True
True or False Self Regulation happens when they have self-consciousness regarding themselves
True
The quality of relationship with their parents affect the _________ of the child
socialization
it involves both the ability to refrain from certain acts as well as to feel emotional discomfort if they fail to do so
conscience
Internal standards of behavior, which usually control one’s conduct and produce emotional discomfort when violated
Conscience
Kochanska’s term for obedience of a parent’s orders only in the presence of signs of ongoing parental control
Situational Compliance -
Kochanska’s term for wholehearted obedience of a parent’s orders without reminders or lapses or kahit wala sila.
Committed Compliance
Kochanska’s term for eager willingness to cooperate harmoniously with a parent in daily interactions, including routines, chores, hygiene, and play
Receptive Cooperation
over a child’s misbehavior-conflict that involves negotiation, reasoning, and resolution -can help children develop moral understanding by enabling them to see another point of view.
Constructive conflict
______disputes and their settlement are socialization opportunities in which children learn to stand up for principles and negotiate disagreements, in part because the involuntary nature of the relationship ensures that interactions will continue
sibling
True or False. A child who is aggressive with siblings is likely to be aggressive with friends as well
Likewise, friendships can influence sibling relationships.
True
True or False. Infants and-even more so-toddlers show interest in people outside the home, particularly people their own size
True
This is a a term use when Preschoolers usually like to play with children of the same age, sex, and gender.
sex segregation
True or False. Study of Early Child Care showed negative effects on cognitive development at 15 months to 3 years when mothers worked 30 or more hours a week by a child’s 9th month.
True
What are the 3 factors having an impact on child care
- Temperament and Gender
- Quality of Childcare
- characteristics of caregiver
_____ is a deliberate and avoidable endangerment of a child.
Maltreatment
injury to the body through punching, beating, kicking, or burning.
Physical Abuse
failure to meet a child’s basic needs, such as food, clothing, medical care, protection, and supervision.
Neglect
any sexual activity involving a child and an older person.
sexual abuse
including rejection, terrorization, isolation, exploitation, degradation, ridicule, or failure to provide emotional support, love, and affection. This is also other action or inaction that may cause behavioral, cognitive, or emotional or mental disorders
Emotional maltreatment
Babies who do not receive nurturance and affection or who are neglected sometimes suffer from________, slowed or arrested physical growth with no known medical cause, accompanied by poor developmental and emotional functioning
nonorganic failure to thrive
Symptoms may include lack of appropriate weight gain, irritability, excessive sleepiness and fatigue, avoidance of eye contact, lack of smiling or vocalizing. and delayed motor development.
nonorganic failure to thrive
It is a form of maltreatment found mainly in children under 2 years old, most often in infants. It causes bruising, bleeding and swelling and can lead to permanent severe brain damage, paralysis, and even death
- Shaken baby syndrome
According to this view abuse and neglect are not caused by one thing. The causes of the abuse is not in the individual nor in they in the family nor are they in the wider and social and cultural environment. The causes are all in those places and to understand why it all happens, we need to consider all contributing factors
Ecological view
________ by parents is a symptom of extreme disturbance in child rearing, usually aggravated by other family problems, such as poverty, lack of education, alcoholism, depression, or antisocial behavior.
Maltreatment
______may begin when a parent who is already anxious, depressed, or hostile tries to control a child physically but loses self-control and ends up shaking or beating the child.
Abuse
True or False. is culture have influences on child abuse?
True
what are the cultural values associated with higher rates of child maltreatment
glorification of violence, rigid gender roles, and beliefs that diminish the status of the child within the parenting relationship, and a belief that corporal punishment is normal
True or False. Consequences of maltreatment may be physical, emotional, cognitive, and social, or a combination.
True
_______in childhood results in an elevated risk that the victims, when grown, engage in criminal activity or themselves become abusers
Abuse and neglect
True or False. Adult survivor of child maltreatment report a lower quality of life and poorer health as adults, including a higher incidence of heart disease, chronic lung disease, cancer, heart disease and liver disease
True
children often become sexually active at an earlier age and tend to have higher numbers of sexual partners than children who were not _______
sexually abused
As _____ become adults, they tend to be more anxious, depressed, or suicidal and are more likely to be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder, and abuse drugs/alcohol
sexually abused
True or False. Sexual Abuse can result to PTSD
True
A _______ loving relationship from a different adult may buffer that child from the storms of a difficult childhood
supportive
From infancy to toddler in terms of psychosocial development–isa lang ang focal point which is______
relationship with caregiver.
