Reproductive system

Question 1

Why are UTIs more likely in women than in men?

Answer 1

They have shorter urethras

Question 2

In women, what is the uterus lined with?

Answer 2

endometrium

Question 3

Endocrine “glands” synthesise and store hormones. These glands have a __________ system which regulate the duration and magnitude of hormone release via feedback from the target cell

Answer 3

sensing and signalling

Question 4

Receptors are always on the outside of a cell. True or false?

Answer 4

False

Question 5

What are the principal functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 5

Maintenance of the internal environment in the body
Integration and regulation of growth and development
Control, maintenance and instigation of sexual reproduction

Question 6

How do hormones respond in endocrine system?

Answer 6

The hormone is distributed in blood and binds to distant target cells

Question 7

How do hormones respond in paracrine system?

Answer 7

The hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells in the neighbourhood

Question 8

How do hormones respond in autocrine system?

Answer 8

The hormone acts on the same cell that it’s produced in

Question 9

What are the four groups which hormones that influence the reproductive system are categorised in?

Answer 9

peptides and proteins
steroids
fatty acid derivatives

Question 10

What type of hormones are eicosanoids?

Answer 10

fatty acid derivatives

Question 11

What type of hormones are oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone?

Answer 11

steroids

Question 12

What type of hormones are FSH and LH?

Answer 12

peptides and proteins

Question 13

What type of hormones are gonadotrophins?

Answer 13

peptide hormones

Question 14

Which receptors do gonadotrophins exert their effect via?

Answer 14

GPCRs

Question 15

Not all steroids are lipid soluble. True or false?

Answer 15

False - they all are

Question 16

Oestrogen helps to regulate the liver’s production of cholesterol. True or false?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Oestrogen helps to preserve bone density. True or false?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What are the effects of testosterone in the liver?

Answer 18

synthesis of serum proteins

Question 19

What are the effects of testosterone in bone marrow?

Answer 19

Stimulation of stem cells

Question 20

What happens when GnRH is given as fast or continuous infusion?

Answer 20

Inhibits gonadotropin secretion and blocks gonadal steroid production

Question 21

Which is more common, negative or positive feedback?

Answer 21

Negative feedback

Question 22

An example of negative feedback is when LH from the pituitary stimulates the testis to produce progesterone which in turn feeds back and inhibits LH secretion, True or false?

Answer 22

False - testis stimulated to produce testosterone

Question 23

An example of positive feedback is where LH stimulates oestrogen, which stimulates a surge of what at ovulation?

Answer 23

LH

Question 24

FSH and LH are gonadotropins. True or false?

Answer 24

True

Question 25

In the menstrual cycle, increased release of GnRH triggers the LH surge. True or false?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Every woman has a 28 day menstrual cycle. True or false?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the lifespan of the corpus luteum

Answer 27

12-14 days

Question 28

The last half of the menstrual cycle is always 12-14 days but the first half can be longer or shorter. True or false?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

What controls gametogenesis in men and women?

Answer 29

ganodotrophins

Question 30

Reproduction loops begin at puberty and are continuous for both men and women. True or false?

Answer 30

False - continuous from puberty for men however cease at menopause for women