Reproductive system Flashcards
Why are UTIs more likely in women than in men?
They have shorter urethras
In women, what is the uterus lined with?
endometrium
Endocrine “glands” synthesise and store hormones. These glands have a __________ system which regulate the duration and magnitude of hormone release via feedback from the target cell
sensing and signalling
Receptors are always on the outside of a cell. True or false?
False
What are the principal functions of the endocrine system?
Maintenance of the internal environment in the body
Integration and regulation of growth and development
Control, maintenance and instigation of sexual reproduction
How do hormones respond in endocrine system?
The hormone is distributed in blood and binds to distant target cells
How do hormones respond in paracrine system?
The hormone acts locally by diffusing from its source to target cells in the neighbourhood
How do hormones respond in autocrine system?
The hormone acts on the same cell that it’s produced in
What are the four groups which hormones that influence the reproductive system are categorised in?
peptides and proteins
steroids
fatty acid derivatives
What type of hormones are eicosanoids?
fatty acid derivatives
What type of hormones are oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone?
steroids
What type of hormones are FSH and LH?
peptides and proteins
What type of hormones are gonadotrophins?
peptide hormones
Which receptors do gonadotrophins exert their effect via?
GPCRs
Not all steroids are lipid soluble. True or false?
False - they all are
Oestrogen helps to regulate the liver’s production of cholesterol. True or false?
True
Oestrogen helps to preserve bone density. True or false?
True
What are the effects of testosterone in the liver?
synthesis of serum proteins
What are the effects of testosterone in bone marrow?
Stimulation of stem cells
What happens when GnRH is given as fast or continuous infusion?
Inhibits gonadotropin secretion and blocks gonadal steroid production
Which is more common, negative or positive feedback?
Negative feedback
An example of negative feedback is when LH from the pituitary stimulates the testis to produce progesterone which in turn feeds back and inhibits LH secretion, True or false?
False - testis stimulated to produce testosterone
An example of positive feedback is where LH stimulates oestrogen, which stimulates a surge of what at ovulation?
LH
FSH and LH are gonadotropins. True or false?
True
In the menstrual cycle, increased release of GnRH triggers the LH surge. True or false?
True
Every woman has a 28 day menstrual cycle. True or false?
True
What is the lifespan of the corpus luteum
12-14 days
The last half of the menstrual cycle is always 12-14 days but the first half can be longer or shorter. True or false?
True
What controls gametogenesis in men and women?
ganodotrophins
Reproduction loops begin at puberty and are continuous for both men and women. True or false?
False - continuous from puberty for men however cease at menopause for women
