Intro to Nervous System Flashcards
What are the three different nervous systems?
Peripheral Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Enteric Nervous System
What makes up the CNS?
Brain
Spinal Cord
What does the CNS do?
Receives and processes info and coordinates organ function
What are the four lobes in the brain called?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Planning, reasoning, problem solving
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Movement, orientation, perception of stimuli
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Visual processing
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, speech, memory
The peripheral nervous system sends _______ input to the CNS
sensory (touch, sight, sound, pain, smell)
What do the efferent neurones belong to?
Somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
The somatic nervous system contains _______ neurones which regulate the contraction of skeletal muscle
motor
Is the somatic nervous system under voluntary control?
Yes
The autonomic nervous system - neurones regulate function of internal organs, ________ glands and blood vessels
sweat
Is the autonomic nervous system under voluntary control?
No
What is the function of dendrites?
Receive input from other neurones via synpases
What is the function of the axon?
It is a nerve fibre - it transmits action potential to postsynaptic neurone or the effector organ
Sensing pain has nothing to do with K+ channels. True or false?
False - you need functioning sodium and potassium ion channels to sense pain. Some people have a mutation in the SCN9A Na+ channel which leads to congenital insensitivity to pain - increased risk of burns
What do nocireceptors sense?
Pain
Action potentials arise from a change in the ________ potential
membrane
What is the resting potential?
-70mV (inside)
For every three Na+ ions moving out, how many K+ ions move in?
two
At rest is the membrane polarised or depolarised?
Polarised
When Na+ ions enter the neurone, the membrane is _________
depolarised
When Na+ channels close, K+ remain open so K+ enters cell down a concentration gradient. True or false?
False - K+ exits
When K+ channels close, adjacent Na+ channels open and action potential travels along the neurone. True or false?
True
What is a synapse?
The junction between a neurone and a neurone or between a neurone and effector organ
When the action potential reaches a synapse, which ion channels open?
Ca2+
Neurotransmitter is released by presynaptic and postsynaptic cells. True or false?
False - released by presynaptic only
Presynaptic cells release neurotransmitter into ___________ and bind to receptors in the cell membrane of postsynaptic cells
synaptic cleft
Seratonin and dopamine belong to which class of neurotransmitter?
Amines
Deficiency of dopamine can lead to which disease?
Parkinson’s disease
Glutamate and glycine belong to which class of neurotransmitter?
Amino acids
Glutamate is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, preventing action potentials. True or false?
False - it is excitory
Is glycine an inhibitory or an excitory neurotransmitter?
Inhibitory
GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. True or false?
True
Propofol and thiopental increase GABA activity. True or false?
True
