Immunity and vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vaccination?

A

The administration of antigenic material to produce immunity to a disease

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2
Q

What is immunity?

A

The active ability of an organism to resist disease

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3
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

Body’s built in ability to recognise and destroy pathogens or their products

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4
Q

What is adaptive immunity?

A

Acquired ability to recognise and destroy pathogens and their products

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5
Q

Is innate immunity specific or non-specific?

A

Non-specific

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6
Q

Is adaptive immunity specific or non-specific?

A

Specific

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7
Q

In active immunity, immunity is achieved by no exposure to antigen, but by injecting antibodies or antigen-reacting T cells. True or false?

A

False - this is passive immunity

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8
Q

Passive immunity is long-term. True or false?

A

False - it cannot be maintained and rapidly decays

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9
Q

Active immunity is acquired by exposure to the antigen. Immunity is achieved by injecting antigen or through infection. True or false?

A

True

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10
Q

How is active immunity maintained?

A

By stimulation of memory cells (i.e. booster immunisation)

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11
Q

Immunity develops immediately in active or passive immunity?

A

Passive

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12
Q

What are antigens?

A

Foreign substances which induce an immune response in the body

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13
Q

Vaccines use adaptive immune response. True or false?

A

True

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14
Q

What is a modified toxin called?

A

A toxoid

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15
Q

What are the different types of vaccines?

A
Toxoid
Attenuated
Conjugated
Killed bacteria
Inactive virus
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16
Q

Toxoids are less effective than antigens but are safe and can be given in higher doses. True or false?

A

True

17
Q

Why bother with vaccinations?

A

To protect the individual

To protect the community

18
Q

What is herd immunity?

A

If enough people in a community are immunised against certain diseases, it is more difficult for the disease to get passed on to those who aren’t immunised

19
Q

Does herd immunity apply to all infectious diseases?

A

No

20
Q

What makes a good vaccine?

A

Low cost
Easy to administer (oral is better than IM)
One step resistance
Dangers of vaccine significantly lower than with disease