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Pharmacy (year one) > Public health microbiology > Flashcards

Public health microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Chlamydia and mycobacterium do not contain peptidoglycan, True or false?

A

True - this means that antibiotics that target the cell wall are useless in treating infections caused by these bacteria

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2
Q

What is peptidoglycan composed of?

A

Carbohydrate (NAG and NAM)

Peptide chains

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3
Q

Only bacteria contain NAG. True or false?

A

False - only bacteria contain NAM

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4
Q

Are all human amino acids L or D form? And what is the significance of this?

A

All amino acids are L form - this means the D-amino acids in bacteria can be targeted

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5
Q

Is Meso-DAP found in humans?

A

No it is only present in bacteria

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6
Q

Is cross link of amino acid chains only associated with NAG or NAM?

A

NAM (and not necessarily all NAM residues)

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7
Q

Is the level of cross-linking the same in all species?

A

No cross-linking is species dependent - it varies from organism to organism

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8
Q

What is lost when there is cross-linking between two chains?

A

2 D-ala therefore chain becomes a tetrapeptide

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9
Q

What does the interbridge join together?

A

it joins meso-DAP to D-ala on a previously synthesised chain

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10
Q

What is the cell membrane composed of?

A

Phospholipids
Proteins
Fatty acids

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Permeability barrier - regulates entry and exit

Metabolically active e.g. energy production (ATP Synthesis)

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12
Q

What is the mesosome for?

A

DNA of organism is attached to this structure

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13
Q

DNA is packaged in a nucleus in a bacterial cell. True or false?

A

False

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14
Q

How many chromosomes does bacteria have?

A

One genetic type (may have more than one copy)

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15
Q

Plasmids provide a competitive survival advantages for bacteria. True or false?

A

True

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16
Q

Do bacteria have the same or different DNA to humans?

A

Same - however, the enzymes that are involved in the packaging of DNA into supercoils are a good target for antibiotics as if you stop supercoiling, DNA bursts

17
Q

Ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the same shape and size. True or false?

A

False - same shape, different size

18
Q

Capsules and slime are different things.True or false?

A

False - the only difference is morphology

19
Q

What is the difference between capsule and slime?

A

Capsules take on the shape of the organism. They are associated with the surface of the cell. Slimes are distant.

20
Q

What is the function of EPS?

A

Protection - reduce penetration of molecules into cell

Avoid desiccation

21
Q

What are flagella composed of?

A

Flagellin subunits

22
Q

Where are fimbriae found?

A

All around the cell surface

23
Q

What are the functions of fimbriae?

A

Attachment and clumping

24
Q

What are fimbriae composed of?

A

Proteins

25
Q

What are the functions of pili?

A

genetic exchange

adhesion

26
Q

What are pili composed of?

A

Proteins

27
Q

What colour do gram positive cells stain?

A

Purple

28
Q

What colour do gram negative cells stain?

A

Red

29
Q

What is the role of teichoic acids and in which gram bacteria are the found?

A

They hold the peptidoglycan together and are found in gram positive bacteria

30
Q

The outer membrane is found in gram ______ bacteria only

A

negative

31
Q

Is the peptidoglycan layer thicker in gram positive or gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram positive

32
Q

What is the role of lipoteichoic acids in gram positive bacteria?

A

They anchor the peptidoglycan to the cytoplasm to stop it from being washed away

33
Q

What is the role of lipoproteins in gram negative bacteria?

A

hold the outer membrane to peptidoglycan

34
Q

Are lipopolysaccharides found in gram positive or gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram negative

35
Q

What are the three components of liposaccharides?

A

lipid A
Core
O-antigen

36
Q

Lipid A is pyrogenic. True or false?

A

True

37
Q

What is the O antigen in LPS made of?

A

Trisaccharide repeating units - vary depending on the organism

38
Q

What is the difference between smooth LPS and rough LPS?

A

Smooth LPS - has a fully elongated chain

Rough LPS - one trisaccharide and no repeat units

Pharmacy (year one) (60 decks)

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