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Pharmacy (year one) > Internal and external solutions > Flashcards

Internal and external solutions Flashcards

1
Q

What type of oral solution protects bacterial growth?

A

Syrup

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2
Q

What type of oral solution is used to make other products such as mixtures and elixirs?

A

Syrup

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3
Q

What type of oral solution contains alcohol and sugar?

A

Elixir

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4
Q

What is the role of alcohol in elixir?

A

dissolve the drug and act as a preservative

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5
Q

What is linctus for?

A

Coughs

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6
Q

A ______ is used to describe a solution or suspension

A

Mixture

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7
Q

The range for a very soluble drug is 1 in ___

A

less than one

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8
Q

A range of 1 in 1 to 1 in 10 indicates a ___________ drug

A

freely soluble

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9
Q

A soluble drug has a solubility range of 1 in 10 to 1 in ___

A

30

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10
Q

A range of 1 in 30 to 1 in 100 indicates a ___________ drug

A

sparingly soluble

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11
Q

A slightly soluble drug has a solubility range of 1 in 100 to 1 in ____

A

1000

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12
Q

A range of 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10,000 indicates a __________ drug

A

very slightly soluble

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13
Q

A practically insoluble drug has a solubility range of 1 in _______

A

more than 10,000

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14
Q

Which factors affect solubility of a drug?

A 
temperature
pH
molecular structure
particle size
solvent/cosolvent
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15
Q

What are the advantages of oral solutions?

A

Easier to swallow - children and elderly
Fast absorption from GI tract
Even mix so don’t need to shake
More stable than suspensions

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16
Q

What are the disadvantages of oral solutions?

A

Not convenient for patient
Less stable than solids
May taste unpleasant and may be difficult to mask

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17
Q

What is the role of a vehicle?

A

Solvent which dissolves the drug

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18
Q

What are common vehicles?

A

Water - most common
Syrup
Alcohol - rarely used as a vehicle for internal use

19
Q

Which vehicle can be used as a sweetener, preservative and stabiliser?

A

glycerol

20
Q

Fructose, sucrose and glucose are ________

A

sugar sweetners

21
Q

Sorbitol, mannitol and saccharin are _________

A

sugar free sweetners

22
Q

What is the use of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and citric acid in oral solutions?

A

stabilisers

23
Q

Citrates, carbonates and gluconates are common _______

A

buffers

24
Q

What factors affect the stability of oral solutions?

A

bacterial growth
light and heat
hydrolysis of drug
packaging

25
Q

Solutions are more stable than solids. True or false?

A

False.

26
Q

Are antibiotics stable in solution?

A

No

27
Q

How many drops does a 1ml solution contain?

A

20 drops

28
Q

How can sterility of eye drops be achieved?

A

preservatives

single use vials

29
Q

Once opened, eye drops must be discarded ____ days later

A

28

30
Q

Adding sodium hydroxide to eye drops affects ______

A

tonicity - to make eye drops isotonic

31
Q

Increasing viscosity reduces contact of eye drops with the eye. True or false?

A

False - increases

32
Q

Are preservatives in eye drops compatible with contact lenses?

A

No

33
Q

Benzalkonium chloride is a __________ that is used in eye drops

A

preservative

34
Q

Single dose vials for eye drops are sterilised by ______

A

autoclaving

35
Q

Nose sprays cannot be used for systemic effects. True or false?

A

False

36
Q

What are the advantages of drops and sprays?

A

Reduce systemic side effects
Sprays can be used for systemic effects - bypassing first pass metabolism
Drugs can be administered in children

37
Q

What are the disadvantages of drops and sprays?

A

Inaccurate dosing of drops and squeezed bottles
Needs manual dexterity
Short shelf life once opened

38
Q

What is the active ingredient in simple linctus?

A

Citric acid

39
Q

Water is the vehicle used in simple linctus. True or false?

A

False. Syrup is the vehicle

40
Q

What is chloroform used for in simple linctus?

A

Preservative

41
Q

Double strength chloroform is 1ml in _____

A

20ml

42
Q

Single strength chloroform is 1ml in _____

A

40ml

43
Q

Chloroform spirit is 5ml in 100 ml of _______

A

alcohol

44
Q

When do freshly made eye drops expire?

A

2 weeks

Pharmacy (year one) (60 decks)

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