Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy (year one) > Chromosomes > Flashcards

Chromosomes Flashcards

1
Q

Are prokaryote chromosomes haploid or diploid?

A

haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do prokaryotes have nucleosomes?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In eukaryotes, chromosomes are built from nucleoprotein particles called _______

A

nucleosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are eukaryotic genes bigger than prokaryotic genes?

A

Introns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In human genome, less than 2% encodes proteins. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Each human cell contains approx 2m of DNA packaged into ___ chromosomes

A

46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are chromosomes made of?

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is chromatin composed of?

A

50% DNA, 50% protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the main chromosomal proteins are histones. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 different types of histone proteins?

A

H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Histones are acidic and have a negative charge. True or false?

A

False - they are basic and have a positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do histones bind to DNA?

A

DNA has a negative charge, histones have a positive charge so they attract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many peptide chains does the nucleosome contain?

A

8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is meant by “the nucleosome has an octameric structure”?

A

Two of each H2A, H2B, H3 and H4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of histone H1?

A

Helps to pack the nucleosome together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nucleosomes pack together to form an 11nm fibre. True or false?

A

False - pack together to form a 30nm fibre - the Solenoid model

17
Q

on a chromosome, what letter is given to the short arm?

A

p

18
Q

on a chromosome what letter is given to the long arm?

A

q

19
Q

After replication, the chromosome consists of two sister chromatids. What is the name given to the point at which the two chromatids join?

A

centromere

20
Q

What are the ends of a chromosome called?

A

telomeres

21
Q

What are chromosomes stained with to show their G banding pattern?

A

Giemsa

22
Q

Chromosomes are classified according to the position of the centromere. True or false?

A

True

23
Q

When the centromere is in the middle of the chromosome, what is the name given?

A

metacentric

24
Q

When the centromere is offset from the middle what is the name given to the chromosome?

A

sub-metacentric

25
Q

In a small chromosome, when the centromere is near the tip, what is the name given?

A

acrocentric

26
Q

There are 46 pairs of chromosomes. True or false?

A

False - there are 23 pairs of chromosomes (23 from mother, 23 from father)

27
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are autosomes and how many are sex chromosomes?

A

22 pairs are autosomes and 1 pair are sex chromosomes

28
Q

What is karyotyping?

A

Diagnostic typing of nuclear contents

29
Q

In karyotyping, chromosomes are arranged in increasing size, meaning chromosome one is the smallest. True or false?

A

False - arranged in decreasing size therefore chromosome 1 is the biggest and has the most genes

30
Q

Which has fewer genes, the X or the Y chromosome?

A

Y

31
Q

What is the medical relevance of karyotyping?

A

It identifies chromosomal abnormalities

32
Q

What are the abnormalities that chromosomes can have?

A

Structural (difficult to detect)

Numerical

33
Q

What is meant by aneuploidy?

A

Abnormal number of chromosomes

34
Q

How is karyotyping used in pre-natal diagnosis?

A

Some chromosomal abnormalities can be identified by amniocentesis

35
Q

Down syndrome is a numerical aneuploidy known as ______

A

Trisomy 21

36
Q

Those who have Down syndrome have ___ copies of chromosome 21 instead of 2

A

3

37
Q

Incidence of having a child with Down Syndrome increases with age at which you have the baby. True or false?

A

True

38
Q

Karyotyping cannot be used for the diagnosis of malignant tumours. True or false?

A

False

Pharmacy (year one) (60 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions