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AU17: Gen Pathology > Renal Pathology > Flashcards

Renal Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What defines Azotemia?

A

Elevated blood-urea-nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, due to decreased glomerualer filtration rate (GFR)

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2
Q

What defines Uremia?

A

Azotemia plus other symptoms

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3
Q

What are the three major clinical renal syndromes and their most prevalent symptom?

A
  1. Acute nephrotic syndrome: hematuria
  2. Nephrotic syndrome: severe proteinuria
  3. Acute renal failure: oliguria/anuria
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4
Q

What is hematuria?

A

Blood in urine

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5
Q

In nephrotic syndrome, roughly how much protein will be seen in the urine?

A

> 3.5 grams per day

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6
Q

What gene and protein are affected by Autosomal Dominant (Adult) Polycystic Kidney Disease?

A

PKD1 gene; polysystin-1

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7
Q

What is a major complication of Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease?

A

Aneurysms affecting circle of Willis

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8
Q

T/F: Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease leads to very large kidneys.

A

True

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9
Q

T/F: Childhood Polycystic Kidney Disease is much more common than Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease.

A

FALSE

Adult more common

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10
Q

T/F: Adult polycystic Kidney Disease is one of the major contributors to renal failure.

A

True

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11
Q

What are three mechanisms for Glomerular Disease?

A
  1. Immune complex deposits in GBM or mesangium
  2. Anti-GBM antibody
  3. Epithelial and endothelial injury
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12
Q

T/F: Glomerular diseases will lead to nephritic syndrome.

A

FALSE

Nephrotic - heavy proteinuria

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13
Q

What is the most obvious clinical sign of Nephrotic Syndrome?

A

Severe edema

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?

A

Minimal change disease

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15
Q

What diagnostic tactic is the only one that can help diagnose minimal change disease?

A

Electron Microscopy

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16
Q

What is a common cause of adult nephrotic syndrome?

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

17
Q

What can be seen via light microscopy in a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis?

A

Focal (some glomeruli) and segmental (part of the involved glomerulus) sclerosis with obliteration of capillary loops

18
Q

T/F: ____________ normally involves children and responds well to corticosteroid treatment. ___________ normally involves adults and does not respond well to corticosteroid treatment.

A

Minimal change disease; focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

19
Q

What is evident in light microscopy of a patient with Diabetes Mellitus?

A

Nodular glomerulosclerosis

20
Q

What is 2nd to MI as cause of death in patients with diabetes?

A

Renal failure

21
Q

T/F: Membranous nephropathy is a renal disease that will lead to nephrotic syndrome.

A

True

22
Q

Nephritic syndrome is characterized by __________.

A

Hematuria

23
Q

Nephritic syndrome is mostly mediated by _____________ problems. Nephrotic syndrome is normally mediated by _____________ problems.

A

Inflammation; immune

24
Q

What disease often occurs several weeks after streptococcal pharyngitis infection and can cause nephritic syndrome?

A

Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

25
Q

T/F: IgA Nephropathy is a cause of Nephritic syndrome that most often affects older adults.

A

FALSE

Children and young adults

26
Q

IgA Nephropathy often occurs after __________ infection.

A

Respiratory

27
Q

IgA is characterized by by hematuria accompanied with ______________ purpura.

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

28
Q

What disease is characterized by severe oligouria and can lead to acute renal failure within a few weeks?

A

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

29
Q

What will untreated glomerular disease eventually lead to?

A

Loss of glomeruli and tubules with fibrosis

30
Q

A patient is diagnosed with chromic glomerulonephritis, what is the likely cause of this?

A

Hard to tell. Often once diagnosed as chronic, cannot tell what the original renal disease is.

31
Q

What are the three types of biopsy evaluation techniques and where would they be useful?

A
  1. Light microscopy: trachoma (collagen), Jones stains (basement membrane)
  2. Immunofluorescence: immunoglobulins and compliment
  3. Electron microscopy
32
Q

If you wanted to evaluate the basement membrane of a biopsy what technique would be used?

A

Jones stains

33
Q

If you wanted to evaluate collagen in a biopsy what technique would you use?

A

Trichrome stain

34
Q

If you were interested in evaluating immune factors in a biopsy what technique would you use?

A

Immunofluorescence

AU17: Gen Pathology (22 decks)

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