Edema, Congestion, Hemostasis Flashcards
What is edema?
Increased fluid within interstitial tissues
What various pathophysiologies come with edema?
- Increased hydrostatic pressure
- Decreased venous return
- Lymphatic obstruction
- Na and water retention
- Inflammation
What is the difference between edema and effusion?
Edema: fluid buildup in tissues
Effusion: fluid buildup in a body cavity or space
What is the difference between transudate and exudate fluid?
Transudate: low protein fluid; typically not high injury/stress
Exudate: high protein fluid; high injury/stress
_________ is an active increase in tissue blood volume responding to neurogenic mechanisms or inflammation; _________ is a passive increase in tissue blood volume in response to impaired venous return.
Hyperemia; congestion
List the internal hemorrhaging from the highest scale to lowest scale.
- Hematoma
- Ecchymosis (bruise)
- Purpura (within 1 cm)
- Petechia (1-2mm)
Which common disease can lead to small petechie which can be seen on the skin?
Mononucleosis (Mono)
*Can often be seen orally and facially
What is hemostasis?
Stopping the loss of blood
What are the three major components of hemostasis?
- Endothelium: anticoagulant and procoagulant
- Platelets: adhesion - secretion - aggregation
- Coagulation cascade
What molecule is produced by endothelium to bind platelets to the site of injury?
von Willebrand factor (vWF)
What molecule creates a backbone to hold platelets together?
Fibrinogen
What are the three steps involved with platelet response?
- Adhesion: vWF from endothelium
- Secretion: ADP and Ca
- Aggregation: ADP, TXA2, thrombin -> fibrinogen
What activates the extrinsic pathway of the coagulation cycle?
Tissue factor released by endothelium
T/F: The extrinsic factor kicks off the coagulation pathway.
TRUE
Which molecule plays the largest role in the coagulation pathway?
Thrombin
