Gyn And Breast Disease Flashcards
T/F: Vaginal malignancies are uncommon.
True
_________ is inflammation of the external female genitalia; __________ is inflammation of the vaginal canal.
Vulvitis; vaginitis
________ results in production of vaginal discharge (leukorrhea).
Vaginitis
T/F: Diabetes or systemic antibiotics can predispose patients to vaginitis.
True
Cervicitis is often caused by a __________ infection.
Non-specific
Incidence for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix has plummeted due to ________.
Pap smear
T/F: Pap smear is a specific test.
False
screening test
_____________ is the precursor for squamous cell carcinoma.
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
T/F: All CIN progresses to cancer.
False
A __________ is necessary to confirm atypical Pap smear.
Biopsy
What are the various stages of CIN?
CIN I: mild dysplasia
CIN II: moderate dysplasia
CIN III: carcinoma in situ
What are the high risk HPV types?
16 and 18
T/F: Many females harbor HPV, but only a minority develop cancer.
True
T/F: Prognosis for Squamous cell carcinoma/CIN is very poor.
False
Highly variable depending on tumor extent
The ________ is the muscular wall of the uterus. The _______ is the glandular lining of the uterus.
Myometrium; endometrium
How do most endometrial diseases present?
Abnormal uterine bleeding
_________ is abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding.
Menorrhagia
_________ is bleeding between menstrual cycles.
Metrorrhagia
___________ is unusually painful menstrual bleeding.
Dysmenorrhea
The functional endometrium is located ________ of the uterus and undergoes cyclic bleeding in patients with __________.
Outside; endometriosis
“Chocolate cysts” are formed on the ovaries in patients with _____________.
Endometriosis
Endometrial hyperplasia results from excess exposure to __________.
Estrogen
T/F: Endometrial hyperplasia may lead to adenocarcinoma.
True
What are the three most common tumors of the uterus?
- Endometrial polyps
- Smooth muscle tumors
- Carcinomas
___________ is a benign tumor of the myometrial wall of the uterus.
Leiomyoma
____________ is the most common female genital tract cancer in the US.
Endometrial carcinoma
______ are common on the ovaries but are not as problematic as neoplasia.
Cysts
____________ is common in teenage girls and can increase risk for type II diabetes, hypertension, and cv disease.
Polycystic ovarian disease
What is the most common variant of ovarian carcinoma?
Surface epithelial
Roughly ____ of ovarian carcinoma are familial.
5-10%
Mutation of BRCA genes
What is a teratoma?
Tumor involving the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
T/F: Teratomas are often malignant.
False
Often benign
Can be very strange (teeth and hair in weird places)
T/F: Fibrocystic changes are very common in the breasts and create lumps similar in feel to cancer.
True
Fibroadenoma is the most common _________ neoplasm of the breast.
Benign
Breast carcinoma arises from _______ elements of the breast.
Glandular
What are the three major risk factors for breast carcinoma?
- Genetics: BRCA
- Hormones: estrogens
- Environment: radiation, diet, etc.
Where on the breast are carcinomas most common? Most deadly?
Most common: upper outer quadrant
Most deadly: Inner lower quadrant
Calcification and soft tissue density are detected in a _________.
Mammography
T/F: Breast carcinoma will cause a orange surface.
True
T/F: Even when it appears as if breast cancer is under control, metastasis can still happen.
True
