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AU17: Gen Pathology > Gyn And Breast Disease > Flashcards

Gyn And Breast Disease Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Vaginal malignancies are uncommon.

A

True

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2
Q

_________ is inflammation of the external female genitalia; __________ is inflammation of the vaginal canal.

A

Vulvitis; vaginitis

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3
Q

________ results in production of vaginal discharge (leukorrhea).

A

Vaginitis

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4
Q

T/F: Diabetes or systemic antibiotics can predispose patients to vaginitis.

A

True

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5
Q

Cervicitis is often caused by a __________ infection.

A

Non-specific

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6
Q

Incidence for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix has plummeted due to ________.

A

Pap smear

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7
Q

T/F: Pap smear is a specific test.

A

False

screening test

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8
Q

_____________ is the precursor for squamous cell carcinoma.

A

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)

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9
Q

T/F: All CIN progresses to cancer.

A

False

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10
Q

A __________ is necessary to confirm atypical Pap smear.

A

Biopsy

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11
Q

What are the various stages of CIN?

A

CIN I: mild dysplasia
CIN II: moderate dysplasia
CIN III: carcinoma in situ

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12
Q

What are the high risk HPV types?

A

16 and 18

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13
Q

T/F: Many females harbor HPV, but only a minority develop cancer.

A

True

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14
Q

T/F: Prognosis for Squamous cell carcinoma/CIN is very poor.

A

False

Highly variable depending on tumor extent

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15
Q

The ________ is the muscular wall of the uterus. The _______ is the glandular lining of the uterus.

A

Myometrium; endometrium

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16
Q

How do most endometrial diseases present?

A

Abnormal uterine bleeding

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17
Q

_________ is abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding.

A

Menorrhagia

18
Q

_________ is bleeding between menstrual cycles.

A

Metrorrhagia

19
Q

___________ is unusually painful menstrual bleeding.

A

Dysmenorrhea

20
Q

The functional endometrium is located ________ of the uterus and undergoes cyclic bleeding in patients with __________.

A

Outside; endometriosis

21
Q

“Chocolate cysts” are formed on the ovaries in patients with _____________.

A

Endometriosis

22
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia results from excess exposure to __________.

A

Estrogen

23
Q

T/F: Endometrial hyperplasia may lead to adenocarcinoma.

A

True

24
Q

What are the three most common tumors of the uterus?

A
  1. Endometrial polyps
  2. Smooth muscle tumors
  3. Carcinomas
25
Q

___________ is a benign tumor of the myometrial wall of the uterus.

A

Leiomyoma

26
Q

____________ is the most common female genital tract cancer in the US.

A

Endometrial carcinoma

27
Q

______ are common on the ovaries but are not as problematic as neoplasia.

A

Cysts

28
Q

____________ is common in teenage girls and can increase risk for type II diabetes, hypertension, and cv disease.

A

Polycystic ovarian disease

29
Q

What is the most common variant of ovarian carcinoma?

A

Surface epithelial

30
Q

Roughly ____ of ovarian carcinoma are familial.

A

5-10%

Mutation of BRCA genes

31
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

Tumor involving the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

32
Q

T/F: Teratomas are often malignant.

A

False

Often benign

Can be very strange (teeth and hair in weird places)

33
Q

T/F: Fibrocystic changes are very common in the breasts and create lumps similar in feel to cancer.

A

True

34
Q

Fibroadenoma is the most common _________ neoplasm of the breast.

A

Benign

35
Q

Breast carcinoma arises from _______ elements of the breast.

A

Glandular

36
Q

What are the three major risk factors for breast carcinoma?

A
  1. Genetics: BRCA
  2. Hormones: estrogens
  3. Environment: radiation, diet, etc.
37
Q

Where on the breast are carcinomas most common? Most deadly?

A

Most common: upper outer quadrant

Most deadly: Inner lower quadrant

38
Q

Calcification and soft tissue density are detected in a _________.

A

Mammography

39
Q

T/F: Breast carcinoma will cause a orange surface.

A

True

40
Q

T/F: Even when it appears as if breast cancer is under control, metastasis can still happen.

A

True

AU17: Gen Pathology (22 decks)

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