Inflammation

Question 1

Symptoms of inflammation?

Answer 1

1. Redness
2. Swelling
3. Heat
4. Pain
5. Function loss

Question 2

What are the vascular changes in acute inflammation?

Answer 2

1. Vasodilation

2. Increased permeability

Question 3

What chemicals mediate vasodilation?

Answer 3

1. NO
2. PGs
3. Histamine

Question 4

What are three results of vasodilation as it pertains to inflammation?

Answer 4

1. Increased blood flow
2. Leakage of plasma proteins -> EDEMA
3. Neutrophil emigration

Question 5

_________ fluid accumulation is seen in light inflammation; ________ fluid accumulation is seen during lots of inflammation.

Answer 5

Transudate; exudate

Question 6

What is the difference between endothelial contraction and endothelial retraction in the blood vessels?

Answer 6

Contraction: temporary, transient response (couple hours)

Retraction: delayed response but much more severe and can last 24 hours

Question 7

T/F: Prolonged inflammation can cause systemic problems and is not limited to just effecting the area of injury.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Describe the cellular changes from initial injury to leukocyte activation.

Answer 8

Endothelial cell activation (contraction; retraction) -> leukocyte adhesion and leaves vasculature -> chemotaxis guides leukocytes -> leukocytes activate to fight infection

Question 9

Once vasodilation has initiated, leukocytes bind to _________ during the rolling phase before sticking to __________ during the adhesion phase.

Answer 9

Selectins; integrins

Question 10

What is chemotaxis?

Answer 10

Leukocytes move along a chemical gradient towards the site of damage/infection

Question 11

Which molecule helps leukocytes get through the endothelial space?

Answer 11

PECAM

Question 12

What molecules allow for easier phagocytosis?

Answer 12

Opsonins

Question 13

What is the first cell to emigrate to the site of injury?

Answer 13

Neutrophils

Question 14

_________ are phagocytic molecules that can live in the tissue for months.

Answer 14

Monocytes

Question 15

T/F: Monocytes are most important in acute inflammation.

Answer 15

FALSE

Neutrophil = acute
Monocyte = chronic

Question 16

What inflammatory cell is going to activate during parasitic attack?

Answer 16

Eosinophils

Question 17

________ is the diffuse (spread out) tissue infiltration by neutrophils with edema.

Answer 17

Cellulitis

Question 18

_________ is the localized collection of neutrophils (often at site of bacterial infection).

Answer 18

Abscess

Question 19

An ________ is the erosion of epithelial surface exposing underlying connective tissue.

Answer 19

Ulcer

Question 20

T/F: Acute inflammation involves an immune response (T cells, antigens, etc.).

Answer 20

FALSE

Question 21

What is the difference between labile, stable, and permanent cells?

Answer 21

Labile: constantly deviding

Stable: can divide and repair, but can be effected by scarring

Permanent: cannot replicate

Question 22

What is the number one problem with wound healing?

Answer 22

INFECTION

Question 23

Which clinical symptoms are caused by vascular changes? Chemical changes?

Answer 23

Heat, redness, swelling from vascular.

Pain and loss of function from chemical mediators