Inflammation Flashcards
Symptoms of inflammation?
- Redness
- Swelling
- Heat
- Pain
- Function loss
What are the vascular changes in acute inflammation?
- Vasodilation
2. Increased permeability
What chemicals mediate vasodilation?
- NO
- PGs
- Histamine
What are three results of vasodilation as it pertains to inflammation?
- Increased blood flow
- Leakage of plasma proteins -> EDEMA
- Neutrophil emigration
_________ fluid accumulation is seen in light inflammation; ________ fluid accumulation is seen during lots of inflammation.
Transudate; exudate
What is the difference between endothelial contraction and endothelial retraction in the blood vessels?
Contraction: temporary, transient response (couple hours)
Retraction: delayed response but much more severe and can last 24 hours
T/F: Prolonged inflammation can cause systemic problems and is not limited to just effecting the area of injury.
TRUE
Describe the cellular changes from initial injury to leukocyte activation.
Endothelial cell activation (contraction; retraction) -> leukocyte adhesion and leaves vasculature -> chemotaxis guides leukocytes -> leukocytes activate to fight infection
Once vasodilation has initiated, leukocytes bind to _________ during the rolling phase before sticking to __________ during the adhesion phase.
Selectins; integrins
What is chemotaxis?
Leukocytes move along a chemical gradient towards the site of damage/infection
Which molecule helps leukocytes get through the endothelial space?
PECAM
What molecules allow for easier phagocytosis?
Opsonins
What is the first cell to emigrate to the site of injury?
Neutrophils
_________ are phagocytic molecules that can live in the tissue for months.
Monocytes
T/F: Monocytes are most important in acute inflammation.
FALSE
Neutrophil = acute Monocyte = chronic
What inflammatory cell is going to activate during parasitic attack?
Eosinophils
________ is the diffuse (spread out) tissue infiltration by neutrophils with edema.
Cellulitis
_________ is the localized collection of neutrophils (often at site of bacterial infection).
Abscess
An ________ is the erosion of epithelial surface exposing underlying connective tissue.
Ulcer
T/F: Acute inflammation involves an immune response (T cells, antigens, etc.).
FALSE
What is the difference between labile, stable, and permanent cells?
Labile: constantly deviding
Stable: can divide and repair, but can be effected by scarring
Permanent: cannot replicate
What is the number one problem with wound healing?
INFECTION
Which clinical symptoms are caused by vascular changes? Chemical changes?
Heat, redness, swelling from vascular.
Pain and loss of function from chemical mediators
