Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Function of the osteoblast bound RANK ligand with the osteoclasts bound RANK receptor has what affect on the osteoclasts?

Answer 1

Promotes osteoclasts function/differentiation

Question 2

What is the function of osteoprotegerin?

Answer 2

Blocks RANK ligand/receptor binding and therefore inhibits osteoclasts function

Question 3

T/F: IL-1 and TNF-alpha stimulate osteoclasts activity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a hereditary disorder that causes _______ and _______ bones.

Answer 4

Thin and fragile

Question 5

Osteogenesis imperfecta causes abnormal synthesis of __________.

Answer 5

Type I collagen

Question 6

Blue sclera and opalescent teeth (like dentinogenesis imperfecta) are associated with _____________.

Answer 6

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 7

____________ is also known as the “marble bone disease”.

Answer 7

Osteopetrosis

Question 8

Osteopetrosis results in ______ and ________ bones.

Answer 8

Thick and fragile

Question 9

Osteopetrosis results from defective _________ function.

Answer 9

Osteoclast

Question 10

___________ can result in osteopetrosis due to replacement of marrow stem cells.

Answer 10

Pancytopenia (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)

Question 11

Osteoporosis involves the increased porosity of the skeleton from _________.

Answer 11

Reduced bone mass

Question 12

_____________ is the most common form of acquired, metabolic bone disease.

Answer 12

Osteoporosis

Question 13

What is the most at risk group for Osteoporosis?

Answer 13

Post-menopausal women

Reduced estrogen

Question 14

T/F: By age 90 50% of women will sustain fractures due to osteoporosis.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

In osteoporosis, _________ activity outweighs __________ activity.

Answer 15

Osteoclast; osteoblast

Question 16

DEXA scans can detect _____________.

Answer 16

Osteoporosis

Question 17

Paget disease results in ________ but fragile bone that is prone to fracture.

Answer 17

Dense

Question 18

T/F: Paget disease normally affects adults and multiple bones.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Which disease results in “Leontiasis ossea”, the face of the lion?

Answer 19

Paget disease

Question 20

T/F: Paget disease leads to an increased risk of osteosarcoma.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

End stage renal disease or vitamin D deficiency will often lead to _______________.

Answer 21

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Causes poor calcium retention

Question 22

T/F: PTH tells the bones to hold on to calcium.

Answer 22

False

Stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone and increase Ca serum levels

Question 23

Adenoma, carcinoma, or hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland will cause ___________.

Answer 23

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Rare but severe

Question 24

______________ result from Osteitis fibroma cystica.

Answer 24

Brown tumors

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 25

T/F: Osteomyelitis is usually caused by a virus.

Answer 25

False

Bacterial

Question 26

Osteomyelitis can cause an area of non-vital bone (___________), surrounded by vital bone (____________).

Answer 26

Sequestrum; involucrum

Question 27

In fibrous dysplasia, normal bone is replaced with fibrous ___________.

Answer 27

Connective tissue

Question 28

T/F: Fibrous dysplasia often affects one bone and young adults.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Fibrous dysplasia of multiple bones is normally associated with _________ and endocrine disorders.

Answer 29

Cafe-au-lait spots

brownish skin spots

Question 30

____________ will cause a ground glass appearance in radiographs.

Answer 30

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 31

T/F: Osteosarcoma normally affects older adults.

Answer 31

False

Under 20 years old

Question 32

Where are the majority of osteosarcoma?

Answer 32

Knees and hips

Question 33

T/F: Osteosarcoma can have a sunburst appearance.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

___________ is an older persons disease resulting from degeneration of articular cartilage.

Answer 34

Osteoarthritis

Question 35

What is the major pathogenesis of gout?

Answer 35

Uric acid accumulation resulting in episodic acute arthritis

Question 36

Most gout cases will affect which part of the body?

Answer 36

Great toe of adult males

Question 37

_____________ is an X-linked disorder causing an absence of dystrophin.

Answer 37

Duchenne MD

Question 38

T/F: There is no treatment available for muscular dystrophy.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Problems with eye muscles and muscles of mastication may be the initial presentation of ____________.

Answer 39

Myasthenia gravis