Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Function of the osteoblast bound RANK ligand with the osteoclasts bound RANK receptor has what affect on the osteoclasts?
Promotes osteoclasts function/differentiation
What is the function of osteoprotegerin?
Blocks RANK ligand/receptor binding and therefore inhibits osteoclasts function
T/F: IL-1 and TNF-alpha stimulate osteoclasts activity.
True
Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a hereditary disorder that causes _______ and _______ bones.
Thin and fragile
Osteogenesis imperfecta causes abnormal synthesis of __________.
Type I collagen
Blue sclera and opalescent teeth (like dentinogenesis imperfecta) are associated with _____________.
Osteogenesis imperfecta
____________ is also known as the “marble bone disease”.
Osteopetrosis
Osteopetrosis results in ______ and ________ bones.
Thick and fragile
Osteopetrosis results from defective _________ function.
Osteoclast
___________ can result in osteopetrosis due to replacement of marrow stem cells.
Pancytopenia (anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia)
Osteoporosis involves the increased porosity of the skeleton from _________.
Reduced bone mass
_____________ is the most common form of acquired, metabolic bone disease.
Osteoporosis
What is the most at risk group for Osteoporosis?
Post-menopausal women
Reduced estrogen
T/F: By age 90 50% of women will sustain fractures due to osteoporosis.
True
In osteoporosis, _________ activity outweighs __________ activity.
Osteoclast; osteoblast
DEXA scans can detect _____________.
Osteoporosis
Paget disease results in ________ but fragile bone that is prone to fracture.
Dense
T/F: Paget disease normally affects adults and multiple bones.
True
Which disease results in “Leontiasis ossea”, the face of the lion?
Paget disease
T/F: Paget disease leads to an increased risk of osteosarcoma.
True
End stage renal disease or vitamin D deficiency will often lead to _______________.
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Causes poor calcium retention
T/F: PTH tells the bones to hold on to calcium.
False
Stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone and increase Ca serum levels
Adenoma, carcinoma, or hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland will cause ___________.
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Rare but severe
______________ result from Osteitis fibroma cystica.
Brown tumors
Hyperparathyroidism
T/F: Osteomyelitis is usually caused by a virus.
False
Bacterial
Osteomyelitis can cause an area of non-vital bone (___________), surrounded by vital bone (____________).
Sequestrum; involucrum
In fibrous dysplasia, normal bone is replaced with fibrous ___________.
Connective tissue
T/F: Fibrous dysplasia often affects one bone and young adults.
True
Fibrous dysplasia of multiple bones is normally associated with _________ and endocrine disorders.
Cafe-au-lait spots
brownish skin spots
____________ will cause a ground glass appearance in radiographs.
Fibrous dysplasia
T/F: Osteosarcoma normally affects older adults.
False
Under 20 years old
Where are the majority of osteosarcoma?
Knees and hips
T/F: Osteosarcoma can have a sunburst appearance.
True
___________ is an older persons disease resulting from degeneration of articular cartilage.
Osteoarthritis
What is the major pathogenesis of gout?
Uric acid accumulation resulting in episodic acute arthritis
Most gout cases will affect which part of the body?
Great toe of adult males
_____________ is an X-linked disorder causing an absence of dystrophin.
Duchenne MD
T/F: There is no treatment available for muscular dystrophy.
True
Problems with eye muscles and muscles of mastication may be the initial presentation of ____________.
Myasthenia gravis
