Endocrine

Question 1

What are the 8 major endocrine glands? (3 Ps, 3 Ts, and 2 others)

Answer 1

1. Pituitary
2. Pancreas
3. Parathyroid
4. Thyroid
5. Thymus
6. Testis
7. Ovary
8. Adrenal

Question 2

The _________ is the “master gland”.

Answer 2

Pituitary

Question 3

Hyperfunction of the anterior pituitary is almost always associated with __________.

Answer 3

Adenoma

Question 4

In order for postpartum ischemic necrosis to cause hypofunction of the anterior pituitary, ____ of the gland must be destroyed.

Answer 4

75%

Question 5

Most pathologies with the posterior lobe of the pituitary has to do with _____________.

Answer 5

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 6

Gigantism is caused by an __________ in the anterior that secretes growth hormone.

Answer 6

Adenoma

Question 7

T/F: Gigantism occurs before the closure of growth plates.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

If there is an adenoma in the anterior pituitary causing GH secretion after growth plates have closed, _______ will result.

Answer 8

Acromegaly

Question 9

How can pituitary dwarfism be treated?

Answer 9

Hormone replacement therapy

Question 10

Thyroid hormones typically regulate the _____ of various body functions.

Answer 10

Rate

Bodies thermostat

Question 11

T/F: Normal thyroid glands should always be able to be palpated.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What are the two major problems which lead to clinical features of hyperthyroidism?

Answer 12

1. Hypermetabolic state

2. Overactivity of symp nervous system

Question 13

What is a thyroid storm?

Answer 13

Sudden onset of hyperthyroidism usually due to stress

Can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmia

Question 14

How is thyroid storm treated?

Answer 14

Reactive iodine

Question 15

____________ is hypothyroidism developing in infancy. __________ is hypothyroidism developing in older children and adults.

Answer 15

Cretinism; myxedema

Question 16

T/F: Hashimoto thyroiditis can cause hypothyroidism.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the most common manifestation of thyroid disease?

Answer 17

Goiter

Question 18

What is the most common thyroid cancer?

Answer 18

Papillary thyroid carcinoma

RET proto-oncogene

Question 19

What is the major function of parathyroid hormone?

Answer 19

Regulate blood calcium

Question 20

T/F: PTH increases osteoclasts activity causing the bones to release calcium, therefore increasing blood calcium levels.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What disease causes “painful bones, stones, abdominal groans, and psychic moans”?

Answer 21

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Question 22

What is the typical cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 22

Renal failure

Question 23

What part of renal failure causes secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 23

Hyperphosphatemia and less vitamin D production

Question 24

The _________ has both exocrine and endocrine function.

Answer 24

Pancreas

Question 25

The endocrine pancreas is composed of the __________.

Answer 25

Islets of Langerhans

Question 26

What are the four major pancreatic hormones?

Answer 26

Insulin, glucagon, soatostatin, VIP

Question 27

Which diabetes is normally diagnosed early in patients with normal weight?

Answer 27

Type I

Question 28

T/F: Type II diabetes is an autoimmune disease.

Answer 28

False

Due to genetics and obesity

Question 29

T/F: Patients with diabetes are more prone to various infections.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is an example of an ________ tumor.

Answer 30

Islet cell

Question 31

Hormones are produced by the adrenal _________.

Catecholamines are produced by the adrenal _________.

Answer 31

Cortex; medulla

Question 32

What are two examples of hyperadrenalism?

Answer 32

1. Hypercortisolism (Cushing)

2. Hyperaldosteronism

Question 33

Weight gain, “Moon facies”, and “buffalo hump” are all short term clinical features of _______.

Answer 33

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 34

What are some long term features of Cushing’s syndrome?

Answer 34

Osteoporosis and mood swings