Endocrine Flashcards
What are the 8 major endocrine glands? (3 Ps, 3 Ts, and 2 others)
- Pituitary
- Pancreas
- Parathyroid
- Thyroid
- Thymus
- Testis
- Ovary
- Adrenal
The _________ is the “master gland”.
Pituitary
Hyperfunction of the anterior pituitary is almost always associated with __________.
Adenoma
In order for postpartum ischemic necrosis to cause hypofunction of the anterior pituitary, ____ of the gland must be destroyed.
75%
Most pathologies with the posterior lobe of the pituitary has to do with _____________.
Antidiuretic hormone
Gigantism is caused by an __________ in the anterior that secretes growth hormone.
Adenoma
T/F: Gigantism occurs before the closure of growth plates.
True
If there is an adenoma in the anterior pituitary causing GH secretion after growth plates have closed, _______ will result.
Acromegaly
How can pituitary dwarfism be treated?
Hormone replacement therapy
Thyroid hormones typically regulate the _____ of various body functions.
Rate
Bodies thermostat
T/F: Normal thyroid glands should always be able to be palpated.
False
What are the two major problems which lead to clinical features of hyperthyroidism?
- Hypermetabolic state
2. Overactivity of symp nervous system
What is a thyroid storm?
Sudden onset of hyperthyroidism usually due to stress
Can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmia
How is thyroid storm treated?
Reactive iodine
____________ is hypothyroidism developing in infancy. __________ is hypothyroidism developing in older children and adults.
Cretinism; myxedema
T/F: Hashimoto thyroiditis can cause hypothyroidism.
True
What is the most common manifestation of thyroid disease?
Goiter
What is the most common thyroid cancer?
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
RET proto-oncogene
What is the major function of parathyroid hormone?
Regulate blood calcium
T/F: PTH increases osteoclasts activity causing the bones to release calcium, therefore increasing blood calcium levels.
True
What disease causes “painful bones, stones, abdominal groans, and psychic moans”?
Primary hyperparathyroidism
What is the typical cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Renal failure
What part of renal failure causes secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Hyperphosphatemia and less vitamin D production
The _________ has both exocrine and endocrine function.
Pancreas
The endocrine pancreas is composed of the __________.
Islets of Langerhans
What are the four major pancreatic hormones?
Insulin, glucagon, soatostatin, VIP
Which diabetes is normally diagnosed early in patients with normal weight?
Type I
T/F: Type II diabetes is an autoimmune disease.
False
Due to genetics and obesity
T/F: Patients with diabetes are more prone to various infections.
True
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is an example of an ________ tumor.
Islet cell
Hormones are produced by the adrenal _________.
Catecholamines are produced by the adrenal _________.
Cortex; medulla
What are two examples of hyperadrenalism?
- Hypercortisolism (Cushing)
2. Hyperaldosteronism
Weight gain, “Moon facies”, and “buffalo hump” are all short term clinical features of _______.
Cushing’s syndrome
What are some long term features of Cushing’s syndrome?
Osteoporosis and mood swings
