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Human Biology > Red Blood Cells Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Red Blood Cells Chapter 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Formed elements of blood include:

A

Red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets

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2
Q

Formed elements are produced by the _____ bone marrow, which contains stem cells

A

red

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3
Q

The liquid medium for carrying various substances in the blood

A

plasma

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4
Q

______ of the plasma is water, while _____ of the plasma consists of salts, ions and organic molecules (glucose, amino acids, gasses, hormones, wastes, plasma proteins).

A

91%
9%

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5
Q

Salts help maintain the ______ pressure of blood

A

osmotic

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6
Q

Salt also acts as _____ to help maintain pH

A

buffers

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7
Q

Plasma proteins acts as a buffer to help keep blood pH around _____

A

7.4

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8
Q

Plasma proteins are too large to pass through capillary walls, thus they remain in the blood, establishing an ______ pressure

A

osmotic

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9
Q

Red blood cells
durable and flexible
carries hemoglobin protein
small (6-8 micrometers)
biconcave disks
very abundant
4-6 million red blood cells per microliter

A

Erythrocytes

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10
Q

How many 02 molecules can one hemoglobin carry?

A

4

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11
Q

Takes this shape when 02 binds to heme in the lungs

A

oxyhemoglobin

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12
Q

When 02 is given up it resorts to this former shape

A

deoxyhemoglobin

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13
Q

____ forms weak covalent bond with heme
____ forms strong covalent bond with heme

A

Oxygen
CO2

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14
Q

Put these in order
A) Kidney increases production of erythropoietin
B) Low 02 blood level
C) 02 blood level returns to normal
D) Stem Cells increase red blood cell production

A

B)
A)
D)
C)

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15
Q

Erythrocytes last for about ____ days, and as they mature, they make _____ and lose their nucleus and organelles

A

120
hemoglobin

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16
Q

results from the fragmentation of large cells

A

platelets (thrombocytes)

17
Q

The formation of a blood clot requires ______, _______, and ___ clotting factors

A

platelets
calcium
13

18
Q
  1. Blood vessel is punctured
  2. Platelets congregate and form a plug
  3. Platelets and damaged tissue cells release prothrombin activator, which initiates a cascade of enzymatic reaction
  4. Fibrin threads form and trap red blood cells
A

How a blood clot forms

19
Q

Activator + Ca2+ prothrombin=
Thrombin + fibronectin + Ca2=

A

thrombin
fibrin threads

20
Q

Genetic disorder
deficiency in a clotting factor

A

Hemophilia

21
Q

When embolus (clot dislodges and travels in the blood) blocks a blood vessel

A

Thromboembolism

22
Q

_____ inhibits platelet aggregation

A

Aspirin

23
Q

Portal vein thrombosis is a cause of _______

A

Jaundice

Human Biology (26 decks)

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