Mitosis Chapter 19 Flashcards
Assist in the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next
chromosome
these makeup a chromosomes. They are two identical parts
sister chromatids
A display which shows chromosomes arranged in pairs
karyotype
An orderly process composed of interphase and cell division
cell cycle
DNA and proteins
chromatin
the cell doubles its organelles to prepare for cell division
G1 stage
A copy is made of all the DNA in a cell
S stage
The cell buikds all the proteins needed for cell division
G2 stage
Holds the chromatids together
centromere
The cell spends most of its time in this phase
interphase
The division of the cytoplasm
cytokinesis
Division of the nucleus
mitosis
The checkpoint where the cell is committed to divide
G1 checkpoint
At this checkpoint, the cell verifies DNA has been replicated
G2 checkpoint
Programmed cell death
apoptosis
T/F The more chromosomes an organism has, the more complex it is
false
T/F 22 of 23 chromosome pairs in humans are autosomes
True
T/F All cells in the human body undergo mitosis
False
The cell that divides is called the
parent cell
The new cells are called
daughter cells
Presence of 2 complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cell, each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair
diploid (2n)
Presence of a single set of chromosomes in organism’s cells
duplicates the centrosome
haploid (n)
Assembles the microtubules that make up the spindle fibers
Mitotic spindle
Mitosis is a form of ________ reproduction
asexual
Mitosis creates _______ _______ ___
two daughter cells
The daughter cells in mitosis are _______
identical
What are the purposes of mitosis
Growth
Repair
Replace
Centrosomes outside nucleus duplicate and move away from eachother
Spindle fibers appear between seperating centrosomes
nuclear envelope begins to fragment
nucleolus disappears as chromosomes condense
prophase
Each chromatid attached to spindle fiber and some spindle fibers stretch from each spindle pole and overlap
prometaphase
Centromeres align at equator
spindle fibers attached to sister chromatids come from opposite spindle poles
metaphase
sister chromatids part and becomes daughter chromosomes that move toward spindle poles. Each receive same number and kinds of chromosomes as parental cell.
Anaphase
Last step of mitosis
daughter cells are forming
nuclear envelopes reappear
nucleoli reappear
chromosomes will become indistict chromatin
Telophase
Division of cytoplasm
cleavage furrow (slight indentation) passes around circumference of cell
Actin filaments form a contractile ring
As ring becomes smaller, cleavage furrow pinches cell in half
Cell becomes enclosed by its own plasma membrane
Cytokinesis
