DNA Biology Chapter 22 Flashcards
How many strands of DNA have vs. RNA
2
1
What kind of sugar does DNA have vs. RNA
deoxyribose
ribose
What kind of bases does DNA have vs RNA
ATCG
AUCG
What kind of backbone does DNA have vs RNA
sugar/phosphate
Sugar/phosphate
Forms the small and large subunits of ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA
Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes in the nucleus. DNA serves as a template for its formation
Messenger RNA
Transfers amino acids to ribosomes. Each carries only one type of amino acid, thereby there are 20 different types of these.
Transfer RNA
DNA replication happens in the __ phase of the cell cycle
S
Original strand being copied
Template strand
New strands
Copies of the template strand
Daughter strand
Makes DNA polymers
Builds daughter strands
Builder
connects complimentary RNA bases to DNA
DNA polymerase
Breaks the DNA double helix
“unzips” DNA in preparation for a copy to be made
DNA helicase
Any heritable change in the base sequence of DNA
Can occur during DNA replication
Another source of variability
mutation
DNA to RNA to Protein to Trait
nice
DNA into RNA
transcription
RNA to protein
translation
Strand of mRNA forms complementary to template of DNA molecule
mRNA molecule formed is a transcript of a gene
Sequence of nucleotides in DNA is copied to a sequence of nucleotides in mRNA
transcription
A sequence of 3 nucleotide bases
Each one codes for a specific amino acid
stringing amino acids together makes a _____
codon
protein
A sequence of 3 nucleotide bases that are complimentary to the nucleotide bases of a codon
matched to codon on the mRNA strand by tRNA
There are _____ amino acids
anticodon
20
The process of using mRNA to assemble a string of amino acids
translation
Consists of a small and large subunit that will join together during translation to bind mRNA strand
creates translation complex
ribosome
has a clover leaf shape with area for binding onto amino acid and anticodon
tRNA
