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Human Biology > DNA Biology Chapter 22 > Flashcards

DNA Biology Chapter 22 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many strands of DNA have vs. RNA

A

2
1

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2
Q

What kind of sugar does DNA have vs. RNA

A

deoxyribose
ribose

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3
Q

What kind of bases does DNA have vs RNA

A

ATCG
AUCG

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4
Q

What kind of backbone does DNA have vs RNA

A

sugar/phosphate
Sugar/phosphate

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5
Q

Forms the small and large subunits of ribosomes

A

Ribosomal RNA

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6
Q

Carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes in the nucleus. DNA serves as a template for its formation

A

Messenger RNA

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7
Q

Transfers amino acids to ribosomes. Each carries only one type of amino acid, thereby there are 20 different types of these.

A

Transfer RNA

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8
Q

DNA replication happens in the __ phase of the cell cycle

A

S

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9
Q

Original strand being copied

A

Template strand

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10
Q

New strands
Copies of the template strand

A

Daughter strand

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11
Q

Makes DNA polymers
Builds daughter strands
Builder
connects complimentary RNA bases to DNA

A

DNA polymerase

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12
Q

Breaks the DNA double helix
“unzips” DNA in preparation for a copy to be made

A

DNA helicase

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13
Q

Any heritable change in the base sequence of DNA
Can occur during DNA replication
Another source of variability

A

mutation

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14
Q

DNA to RNA to Protein to Trait

A

nice

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15
Q

DNA into RNA

A

transcription

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16
Q

RNA to protein

A

translation

17
Q

Strand of mRNA forms complementary to template of DNA molecule
mRNA molecule formed is a transcript of a gene
Sequence of nucleotides in DNA is copied to a sequence of nucleotides in mRNA

A

transcription

18
Q

A sequence of 3 nucleotide bases
Each one codes for a specific amino acid
stringing amino acids together makes a _____

A

codon
protein

19
Q

A sequence of 3 nucleotide bases that are complimentary to the nucleotide bases of a codon
matched to codon on the mRNA strand by tRNA
There are _____ amino acids

A

anticodon
20

20
Q

The process of using mRNA to assemble a string of amino acids

A

translation

21
Q

Consists of a small and large subunit that will join together during translation to bind mRNA strand
creates translation complex

A

ribosome

22
Q

has a clover leaf shape with area for binding onto amino acid and anticodon

A

tRNA

23
Q
A

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