Digestive System I Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

The purpose of the digestive system is to ______ or break down food molecules using water

A

hydrolyze

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2
Q

Occurs when we take in food through our mouths

A

ingestion

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3
Q

involves the breakdown of larger pieces of food into smaller pieces that can be acted upon by digestive enzymes

A

digestion

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4
Q

_________digestion is when food is broken into smaller pieces by chewing

A

mechanical

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5
Q

_____ digestion is when the bonds in food are broken down by enzymes like saliva

A

chemical

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6
Q

Involves peristalsis, the smooth muscle contractions, which help pass food from one organ to the next

A

movement of the GI tract

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7
Q

Occurs as subunit molecules cross the wall of the GI tract and enter the blood

A

absorption

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8
Q

Removes molecules that cannot be digested from the body

A

elimination

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9
Q

Order of the layers in the GI tract (1 is innermost layer)
1. Lumen
2. Mucosa
3. Submucosa
4. Muscularis
5. Serosa

A

nice

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10
Q

Secretes lubricating fluid

A

serosa

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11
Q

Contains blood vessels and nerves. Carry nutrients absorbed by mucosa

A

submucosa

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12
Q

layers of perpendicular muscle, responsible for peristalsis

A

muscularis

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13
Q

secretes protective mucus

A

mucosa

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14
Q

open area that contains digested food

A

lumen

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15
Q

Begins the process of mechanical and chemical digestion

A

mouth

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16
Q

Thick walled, J shaped organ on left side of body beneath diaphragm
Extension of the esophagus

17
Q

Prevents the contents of stomach from entering the esophagus

A

esophageal sphincter

18
Q

Contractions of stomach controls secretion of chyme into small intestine at this area

A

Pyloric sphincter

19
Q

Allows for the stomach to stretch and mechanically break down food into smaller fragments mixed with gastric juice

A

Oblique layer of muscle in the muscularis layer

20
Q

Leads to gastric gland which produce gastric juice, which digest protein, hydrochloric acid and mucus

A

Gastric Pits

21
Q

Very long averaging about 18 feet which consists of 3 regions
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
And contains lots of enzymes to digest

A

Small Intestines

22
Q

Begins digestion of carbohydrates

23
Q

A potease enzyme that originates in pancreas, begins, then intestinal enzymes finish digestion of carbohydrates to glucose

24
Q

Neutralizes chyme and causes intestine to be slightly basic (Ph)

A

Sodium Bicarbonate

25
Walls of small intestine absorbs sugar, amino acid, glycerol, and fatty acid molecules produced by digestive process mucosa absorbs
absorption
26
Disorder where you don't have the brush border enzyme lactase so you can't digest lactose
Lactose Intolerance
27
Disorder caused by autoimmune response against protein called gluten Presence of gluten in small intestine results in inflammatory response, damaging parts of small intestine
Celiac Disease
28
Disorder where inflammation of irregular bulging pouches in wall of large intestine
Diverticulosis