Digestive System I Chapter 13

Question 1

The purpose of the digestive system is to ______ or break down food molecules using water

Answer 1

hydrolyze

Question 2

Occurs when we take in food through our mouths

Answer 2

ingestion

Question 3

involves the breakdown of larger pieces of food into smaller pieces that can be acted upon by digestive enzymes

Answer 3

digestion

Question 4

_________digestion is when food is broken into smaller pieces by chewing

Answer 4

mechanical

Question 5

_____ digestion is when the bonds in food are broken down by enzymes like saliva

Answer 5

chemical

Question 6

Involves peristalsis, the smooth muscle contractions, which help pass food from one organ to the next

Answer 6

movement of the GI tract

Question 7

Occurs as subunit molecules cross the wall of the GI tract and enter the blood

Answer 7

absorption

Question 8

Removes molecules that cannot be digested from the body

Answer 8

elimination

Question 9

Order of the layers in the GI tract (1 is innermost layer)
1. Lumen
2. Mucosa
3. Submucosa
4. Muscularis
5. Serosa

Answer 9

nice

Question 10

Secretes lubricating fluid

Answer 10

serosa

Question 11

Contains blood vessels and nerves. Carry nutrients absorbed by mucosa

Answer 11

submucosa

Question 12

layers of perpendicular muscle, responsible for peristalsis

Answer 12

muscularis

Question 13

secretes protective mucus

Answer 13

mucosa

Question 14

open area that contains digested food

Answer 14

lumen

Question 15

Begins the process of mechanical and chemical digestion

Answer 15

mouth

Question 16

Thick walled, J shaped organ on left side of body beneath diaphragm
Extension of the esophagus

Answer 16

stomach

Question 17

Prevents the contents of stomach from entering the esophagus

Answer 17

esophageal sphincter

Question 18

Contractions of stomach controls secretion of chyme into small intestine at this area

Answer 18

Pyloric sphincter

Question 19

Allows for the stomach to stretch and mechanically break down food into smaller fragments mixed with gastric juice

Answer 19

Oblique layer of muscle in the muscularis layer

Question 20

Leads to gastric gland which produce gastric juice, which digest protein, hydrochloric acid and mucus

Answer 20

Gastric Pits

Question 21

Very long averaging about 18 feet which consists of 3 regions
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
And contains lots of enzymes to digest

Answer 21

Small Intestines

Question 22

Begins digestion of carbohydrates

Answer 22

Amylase

Question 23

A potease enzyme that originates in pancreas, begins, then intestinal enzymes finish digestion of carbohydrates to glucose

Answer 23

Trypsin

Question 24

Neutralizes chyme and causes intestine to be slightly basic (Ph)

Answer 24

Sodium Bicarbonate

Question 25

Walls of small intestine absorbs sugar, amino acid, glycerol, and fatty acid molecules produced by digestive process
mucosa absorbs

Answer 25

absorption

Question 26

Disorder where you don’t have the brush border enzyme lactase so you can’t digest lactose

Answer 26

Lactose Intolerance

Question 27

Disorder caused by autoimmune response against protein called gluten
Presence of gluten in small intestine results in inflammatory response, damaging parts of small intestine

Answer 27

Celiac Disease

Question 28

Disorder where inflammation of irregular bulging pouches in wall of large intestine

Answer 28

Diverticulosis