Heart and Blood Vessels II Chapter 5

Question 1

The rhythmic expansion and recoil of an arterial wall can be felt as a _____

Answer 1

pulse

Question 2

Normally the _____ ___ equals the heart rate, because the arterial walls pulse whenever the ____ ______ contracts

Answer 2

pulse rate
left ventricle

Question 3

The pressure of the blood against the wall of a blood vessel

Answer 3

Blood pressure

Question 4

Can be used to measure blood pressure at the brachial artery

Answer 4

sphygmomanometer

Question 5

reached during ejection of blood from the heart

Answer 5

systolic pressure

Question 6

Occurs while the left ventricle is relaxing

Answer 6

diastolic pressure

Question 7

High blood pressure is called _________

Answer 7

hypertension

Question 8

Low blood pressure is called __________

Answer 8

hypotension

Question 9

If you are told that your blood pressure is 120/80
120 is your _______ pressure
80 is your ______ pressure

Answer 9

systolic
diastolic

Question 10

Decrease in blood pressure results in a________ in blood velocity
areas with capillaries causes a _____ in blood velocity and pressure
Velocity of blood flow _______ from capillaries to veins

Answer 10

decrease
decrease
increase

Question 11

When the _____-_______ area increases, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreases with distance from the left ventricle

Answer 11

cross-sectional

Question 12

When capillaries exchange with nearby tissues (Cells)
Pressure and velocity are very low hear to allow exchange

Answer 12

Capillary Exchange

Question 13

In capillary exchange, ______ and _______ diffuse from blood to cells
_______ and ________ diffuse from cells to blood

Answer 13

oxygen
nutrients
CO2
waste

Question 14

What two forces move fluid through capillary walls

Answer 14

Blood pressure
Osmotic pressure

Question 15

Generally causes fluid to move from capillaries to tissues (Cells)
At venule end of capillary, it falls even more

Answer 15

blood pressure

Question 16

Generally causes fluid to move from tissues (Cells) to capillaries
greater than blood pressure

Answer 16

osmotic pressure

Question 17

At the arterial ends of capillaries, _____ pressure is higher than _____ pressure
NET pressure ___

Answer 17

blood
osmotic
NET pressure out

Question 18

At venule end of capillaries _____ pressure is higher than ____ pressure
NET pressure ___

Answer 18

Osmotic
blood
Net pressure in

Question 19

H20, 02, amino acids, and glucose ____ the capillary during the capillary exchange

Answer 19

exits

Question 20

CO2, wastes, and water _____ the capillary during the capillary exchange

Answer 20

enters

Question 21

The arteriole is at the ___ while the venule is at the ____

Answer 21

top
bottom

Question 22

Fluid movement in and out of the capillaries should be _______ to maintain fluid balance

Answer 22

equal

Question 23

Within veins, velocity _____ slightly, but pressure remains ______

Answer 23

increases
low

Question 24

Blood pressure is minimal in these valves and viens

Answer 24

Venous Valves

Question 25

Dependent on skeletal muscle contraction

Answer 25

Skeletal muscle pump

Question 26

Dependent on breathing

Answer 26

respiratory pump

Question 27

A _________ skeletal muscle pushes blood past open valve
A _____ valve prevents the backward flow of blood

Answer 27

contracted
closed

Question 28

Hypertension=_____ blood pressure
weakens arteries
hypertrophy (enlargement) of the heart
kidney failure

Answer 28

high

Question 29

Plaques in blood vessels caused by diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol
Treatment: When the plaques dislodge=clots that can be dissolved chemically

Answer 29

atherosclerosis

Question 30

Cranial arteriole bursts or is blocked, portion of brain dies due to lack of oxygen

Answer 30

stroke

Question 31

Blocked coronary arteries causes
Treatment: Bypass surgery

Answer 31

Myocardial infarction (Heart Attack)

Question 32

Arterial wall weakens due to high blood pressure or plaques, wall balloons
Treatment: Angioplasty: small balloon is inserted into a clogged artery and inflated, forcing the vessel open.

Answer 32

Aneurysm