Heart and Blood Vessels II Chapter 5 Flashcards
The rhythmic expansion and recoil of an arterial wall can be felt as a _____
pulse
Normally the _____ ___ equals the heart rate, because the arterial walls pulse whenever the ____ ______ contracts
pulse rate
left ventricle
The pressure of the blood against the wall of a blood vessel
Blood pressure
Can be used to measure blood pressure at the brachial artery
sphygmomanometer
reached during ejection of blood from the heart
systolic pressure
Occurs while the left ventricle is relaxing
diastolic pressure
High blood pressure is called _________
hypertension
Low blood pressure is called __________
hypotension
If you are told that your blood pressure is 120/80
120 is your _______ pressure
80 is your ______ pressure
systolic
diastolic
Decrease in blood pressure results in a________ in blood velocity
areas with capillaries causes a _____ in blood velocity and pressure
Velocity of blood flow _______ from capillaries to veins
decrease
decrease
increase
When the _____-_______ area increases, systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreases with distance from the left ventricle
cross-sectional
When capillaries exchange with nearby tissues (Cells)
Pressure and velocity are very low hear to allow exchange
Capillary Exchange
In capillary exchange, ______ and _______ diffuse from blood to cells
_______ and ________ diffuse from cells to blood
oxygen
nutrients
CO2
waste
What two forces move fluid through capillary walls
Blood pressure
Osmotic pressure
Generally causes fluid to move from capillaries to tissues (Cells)
At venule end of capillary, it falls even more
blood pressure
Generally causes fluid to move from tissues (Cells) to capillaries
greater than blood pressure
osmotic pressure
At the arterial ends of capillaries, _____ pressure is higher than _____ pressure
NET pressure ___
blood
osmotic
NET pressure out
At venule end of capillaries _____ pressure is higher than ____ pressure
NET pressure ___
Osmotic
blood
Net pressure in
H20, 02, amino acids, and glucose ____ the capillary during the capillary exchange
exits
CO2, wastes, and water _____ the capillary during the capillary exchange
enters
The arteriole is at the ___ while the venule is at the ____
top
bottom
Fluid movement in and out of the capillaries should be _______ to maintain fluid balance
equal
Within veins, velocity _____ slightly, but pressure remains ______
increases
low
Blood pressure is minimal in these valves and viens
Venous Valves
Dependent on skeletal muscle contraction
Skeletal muscle pump
Dependent on breathing
respiratory pump
A _________ skeletal muscle pushes blood past open valve
A _____ valve prevents the backward flow of blood
contracted
closed
Hypertension=_____ blood pressure
weakens arteries
hypertrophy (enlargement) of the heart
kidney failure
high
Plaques in blood vessels caused by diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol
Treatment: When the plaques dislodge=clots that can be dissolved chemically
atherosclerosis
Cranial arteriole bursts or is blocked, portion of brain dies due to lack of oxygen
stroke
Blocked coronary arteries causes
Treatment: Bypass surgery
Myocardial infarction (Heart Attack)
Arterial wall weakens due to high blood pressure or plaques, wall balloons
Treatment: Angioplasty: small balloon is inserted into a clogged artery and inflated, forcing the vessel open.
Aneurysm
