Infectious Disease Chapter 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

Disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and viruses

A

pathogens

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2
Q

Single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Bacteria are these

A

prokaryotes

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3
Q

Coccus (sphere shaped)
Bacillus (rod shaped)
spirillum (curved or spiral shaped)

A

Bacteria shapes

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4
Q

It protects the bacteria and can contain peptidoglycan. Allow for classification (gram positive and gram negative)

A

Cell wall

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5
Q

Gelatinous layer outside cell wall of some bacteria. Lacks surface proteins, so immune cells do not recognize the bacteria as foreign

A

capsule

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6
Q

Rotates 360-degrees, which allows bacteria to move

A

flagella

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7
Q

Stiff fibers that allow bacteria to stick to surfaces like host cells

A

fimbriac

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8
Q

Elongated, hollow appendage used to transfer DNA from one cell to another

A

pilus

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9
Q

Circular DNA found in many bacteria. Genes that allow for antibiotic resistance are often found her

A

plasmids

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10
Q

Gram stain detects the ______ of cell wall

A

thickness

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11
Q

have a thick layer of peptidoglycan outside plasma membrane

A

gram positive

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12
Q

Have thin or lacking altogether peptidoglycan also has lipopolysaccharide molecules that cause inflammation and fever when released

A

gram negative

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13
Q

Classifying positive/negative bacteria is important because

A

they have different treatments

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14
Q

Antibiotics ______ bacterial growth

A

stop

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15
Q

Why do we refrigerate things?

A

slows bacterial growth

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16
Q

viruses are generally considered to be ___-_______.

A

non-living

17
Q

part of a virus that is composed of protein units and an inner core of nucleic acids that have genetic info

A

capsid

18
Q

Can be DNA, RNA, single or double stranded

A

genetic material

19
Q

If there are more cases of the disease than expected in a certain area for a certain period of time

A

epidemic

20
Q

If the epidemic is confined to a local area

A

outbreak

21
Q

global epidemic

A

Pandemic

22
Q
  1. Spike proteins attach to surface proteins on host cells
  2. Membrane fusion
  3. Viral RNA is made into viral DNA (reverse transcription)
  4. Viral proteins and genetic material made by host machinery
A

life cycle of a virus

23
Q

Many antiviral medication target the virus’ ability to:
______ receptors
______ immune system
______ viral load (amount of active virus) in your body

A

block
boost
lower

24
Q

Most believe this virus originated in Africa in 1959 and spread to the U.S. and Europe by way of the Caribbean
Total number of deaths attributed is over 32.7 million
Decline in WBC population leads to Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

HIV

25
Q

May have none or very mild symptoms
Body produces enough T-cells to keep up with virus

A

acute phase

26
Q

Opportunistic infections have begun to occur (candidiasis, shingles, and diarrhea)

A

Chronic phase

27
Q

More severe opportunistic infections
Susceptible to opportunistic infection such as pneumonia or tuberculosis

A

Aids

28
Q

Begins with upper respiratory infection (Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, and trachea)
Can progress into lower respiratory infection (Body may kick in sever immune response = more inflammation, alveoli fill with fluid

A

Covid-19