Cancer Chapter 20

Question 1

A type of disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth

Answer 1

cancer

Question 2

Cancer cells are __________ and do not contribute to the functioning of a body part

Answer 2

nonspecialized

Question 3

The nuclei of cancer cells are ______ and may contain an abnormal number of ________

Answer 3

enlarge
chromosomes

Question 4

Cancer cells fail to undergo apoptosis, or programmed ___ ____.

Answer 4

cell death

Question 5

Cancer cells are ____, and keep on dividing for an unlimited number of times. Chromosomes are capped with _______ that get shorter after each cell cycle; in cancer cells, these are constantly rebuilt

Answer 5

immortal
telomeres

Question 6

Normal cells stop dividing when they come in contact with another cell, cancer cells pile on top of one another, forming a ______

Answer 6

tumor

Question 7

A tumor must have well-developed capillary network to bring it nutrients and oxygen, so tumors form new blood vessels through a process called ________.

Answer 7

angiogenesis

Question 8

When cancer cells invade blood vessels, they migrate to other parts of the body. _________ is the formation of a tumor far away from the primary tumor

Answer 8

metastasis

Question 9

Directs movement of a cell through the cell cycle

Answer 9

cyclins

Question 10

Genes that code for cyclins and cause acceleration of the cell cycle

Answer 10

proto-oncogenes

Question 11

If checkpoint fails, checkpoint proteins inhibit next ______ to make repairs

Answer 11

cyclin

Question 12

When these mutate they become cancer causing genes called oncogenes

Answer 12

Proto-oncogenes (code for cyclins)

Question 13

Gene that activates cyclins as needed

Answer 13

Ras

Question 14

What is the difference between Tumor-Suppressor genes (code for chekpoint proteins) and Proto-oncogenes (code for cyclins)

Answer 14

TS needs both copies of gene in cell to be mutated to lost cell cycle control
PO only needs 1 copy

Question 15

What tumor-suppressor gene activates apoptosis if a cell is damaged

Answer 15

Bax

Question 16

What tumor-suppressor gene codes for DNA repair enzyme

Answer 16

p53 and BRCAI

Question 17

The study and treatment of cancer where tumors are classified based on place of origin

Answer 17

oncology

Question 18

Cancer of epithelial cells

Answer 18

carcinomas

Question 19

Cancer of muscle, bone, or connective tissue

Answer 19

sarcomas

Question 20

Cancers of blood

Answer 20

leukemia

Question 21

Cancer of lymphoid tissue
Tissues that aid in the immune system

Answer 21

lymphomas

Question 22

Cancer of an immature cell
Childhood cancer

Answer 22

blastoma

Question 23

A cancer causing agent

Answer 23

carcinogens

Question 24

x-rays
UV light

Answer 24

radiation

Question 25

Tobacco smoke Asbestos

Answer 25

Organic Chemicals

Question 26

Four of these are known to cause cancer Degrades p53 in infected cells

Answer 26

Viruses

Question 27

Removal of cancer coupled with other treatment

Answer 27

surgery

Question 28

x rays or gamma rays damage cancer cell DNA

Answer 28

Radiation Therapy

Question 29

Chemicals that interfere with cell division, DNA repair, and DNA replication Target rapidly dividing cells Example: Taxol (inhibits spindle fiber)

Answer 29

Chemotherapy

Question 30

Uses your immune system to fight cancer Example: Herceptin Monoclonal antibody Blocks HER2 in breast cancer

Answer 30

Immunotherapy