Cancer Chapter 20 Flashcards
A type of disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth
cancer
Cancer cells are __________ and do not contribute to the functioning of a body part
nonspecialized
The nuclei of cancer cells are ______ and may contain an abnormal number of ________
enlarge
chromosomes
Cancer cells fail to undergo apoptosis, or programmed ___ ____.
cell death
Cancer cells are ____, and keep on dividing for an unlimited number of times. Chromosomes are capped with _______ that get shorter after each cell cycle; in cancer cells, these are constantly rebuilt
immortal
telomeres
Normal cells stop dividing when they come in contact with another cell, cancer cells pile on top of one another, forming a ______
tumor
A tumor must have well-developed capillary network to bring it nutrients and oxygen, so tumors form new blood vessels through a process called ________.
angiogenesis
When cancer cells invade blood vessels, they migrate to other parts of the body. _________ is the formation of a tumor far away from the primary tumor
metastasis
Directs movement of a cell through the cell cycle
cyclins
Genes that code for cyclins and cause acceleration of the cell cycle
proto-oncogenes
If checkpoint fails, checkpoint proteins inhibit next ______ to make repairs
cyclin
When these mutate they become cancer causing genes called oncogenes
Proto-oncogenes (code for cyclins)
Gene that activates cyclins as needed
Ras
What is the difference between Tumor-Suppressor genes (code for chekpoint proteins) and Proto-oncogenes (code for cyclins)
TS needs both copies of gene in cell to be mutated to lost cell cycle control
PO only needs 1 copy
What tumor-suppressor gene activates apoptosis if a cell is damaged
Bax
